推荐回答(4个)
“债权人“合法占有”债务人的“动产”。债权人的债权未届清偿期,其交付或返还所占有的标的物的义务已届履行期的,不能行使留置权。但是,债权人能够证明债务人无支付能力的除外。债权人留置的动产,应当与债权属于同一法律关系。但是,企业之间留置的除外。
简述留置权的成立条件。
答: 留置权成立的积极要件包括以下各项:
1.债权人已经合法占有债务人的动产。
2.债务人不履行到期债务。只有在债权已届清偿期以后,债务人未按规定的期限履行义务,债权人才能留置债务人交给其占有的财产,在此之前债权人无权留置。
3.留置财产与债权属于同一法律关系。《物权法》第231条规定,债权人留置的动产,应当与债权属于同一法律关系,但企业之间留置的除外。
留置权成立的消极要件包括:
1.留置不得违反法律的禁止性规定。根据《物权法》第232条,法律明确规定不得留置的动产,不得留置。
2.留置不得违背当事人之间的约定。《物权法》第232条规定,当事人约定不得留置的动产,不得留置。
3.留置不得超过相应的比例。
4.留置不得违反公序良俗。
【分析解答】
1、留置权的定义:
留置权是担保物权里的一种类型,留置权是指债务人不履行到期债务的情况出现时,债权人可以留置已经合法占有的债务人的财产,并有权就该财产优先受偿。但如果是法律规定或者是双方当事人协议约定某些动产不能留置,那么债权人就不能行使动产留置和优先受偿的权力。
2、合同涉及留置权的问题:
一般情况下如果没有在合同中约定留置权,债权人是不可以行使留置权也不享有留置权。但民法典中有规定以下合同类型享有留置权:
(1)加工承揽合同;
(2)基本建设合同中的建筑安装承包合同;
(3)保管合同;
(4)财产租赁合同;
(5)运输合同;
(6)委托合同和信托合同。
3、合同留置权的案例:
A把车放到B这里维修,修好后,但A拖延或拒绝向B支付维修费,而被维修的车在B里,那B对该车享有留置权,有权对留置财产(车)变现所得价款优先补偿或赔偿。
【法律依据】如下图:

1、债权人已经合法占有债务人的动产。对债务人的动产,只有债权人取得事实上的管领、控制或支配力时,才能成立留置权。留置权因占有而成立并存续,因占有的丧失而消灭。至于占有的方式,可以是直接占有,也可以是辅助占有和间接占有,但单纯的持有不是占有,不能成立留置权。
2、债权人占有的动产与债权属于同一法律关系。同一法律关系,是指留置财产应当与债权所形成的债权债务关系属于同一个民事法律关系,最为常见的就是因合同产生的债权债务关系。
3、债务人不履行到期债务。留置权因债务人不履行债务而发生,如果债权清偿期尚未届满,债务人仍处于自觉履行合同的状态中,则债务人到期能否清偿债务还无法判断,因而留置权不能成立。债权人占有债务人的财产,若其债权清偿期未届而允许发生留置权,势必等于强制债务人提前清偿债务。
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