在AlCl3和MgCl2的混合溶液中,逐滴加入NaOH溶液直至过量,理论上,加入NaOH的体积和所得沉淀的物质的量的

2025-03-16 03:27:28
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

A、根据图示信息和Al原子守恒有:n(NaAlO2)=n(AlCl3)=n[Al(OH)3]=0.1mol,故A错误;
B、在bL时,溶液为NaCl、NaAlO2溶液,由图象可知:n[Al(OH)3]=0.1mol,n(Mg(OH)2]=0.1mol,根据Mg原子守恒有n(MgCl2)=n(Mg(OH)2]=0.1mol,根据Al原子守恒有n(NaAlO2)=n(AlCl3)=n[Al(OH)3]=0.1mol,由Cl原子守恒有n(Cl)=n(NaCl)=2n(MgCl2)+3n(AlCl3)=2×0.1mol+3×0.1mol=0.5mol,由Na原子守恒有n(NaOH)=n(NaCl)+n(NaAlO2)=0.5mol+0.1mol=0.6mol,所以c(NaOH)=
0.6mol
1L
=0.6mol/L,故B错误;
C、在bL时,即再继续滴加NaOH溶液(b-a)L时,氢氧化铝完全溶解,沉淀为氢氧化镁0.1mol,溶液为NaCl、NaAlO2溶液,故C错误;
D、加入aLNaOH溶液时,沉淀达最大值共0.2mol,由反应方程式可知,此时溶液为NaCl溶液,在bL时,即再继续滴加NaOH溶液(b-a)L时,氢氧化铝与NaOH恰好反应,氢氧化铝完全溶解,沉淀为氢氧化镁0.1mol,溶液为NaCl、NaAlO2溶液,所以两部分NaOH溶液的体积之比等于消耗的NaOH的物质的量之比,即为n(NaCl)与n(NaAlO2)之比,故oa:ab=a:(b-a)=0.5mol:0.1mol=5:1,故D正确.
故选D.

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