种蒜怎么长的好,不长草

种蒜怎么长的好,不长草
2025-02-15 09:14:28
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

大蒜属葱蒜类蔬菜,耐寒性强,生长适温12-25℃,长日照作物。适宜排灌水方便、肥沃、富含有机质的微碱性土壤种植。种植大蒜主要把握好以下环节:
  (一) 品种选择
  目前适宜麒麟区种植的主要品种有四川红七星(一代、二代)、软叶蒜、一级早、二级早、本地紫皮蒜等。
  (二)播种时间
  坝子区域一般早蒜苗、红七星(一代、二代)种植时间在白露节令(9月上旬)。二级早最佳播种期在秋分节令(9月中下旬)前后。迟蒜播期以秋分至寒露为宜(即9月23-10月8日)。高海拔地区可提前一个节令种植。
  (三)种子处理
  播种前,先将蒜瓣选择和分级,除去病虫害侵染的蒜瓣,按大、小分开,分级播种。
  (四)整地作墒,合理密植
  整地作墒时要求上细下粗,墒面宽3-4米。播种不宜过深,土壤要保持一定的湿润,促进提早出苗。红七星亩用种量需100-120公斤,其它品种蒜瓣小,亩用种量只需60―75公斤,每亩密度在3万―4万株,行距15―18厘米,株距8―10厘米,早熟品种偏密,晚熟品种偏稀。
  (五)田间管理
  1、除草松土:大蒜出苗后如果土壤板结、杂草丛生,应结合除草进行中耕,当苗高10-13厘米,有2-3片叶时进行第一次中耕,苗高26-33厘米有5-6片叶时进行第二次浅中耕。蒜地除草比较费工,为了提高功效应推广化学除草,化学药剂除草是:在大蒜栽后3天施药,用果尔、杀草丹进行喷施防草,出苗后应中耕1―2次防止土壤板结、杂草丛生。若苗期杂草较多,可针对不同种类的杂草选用不同除草剂防除一次。
  2、灌水:大蒜播种后如果土壤潮润一般不需灌水即可出苗,土壤干燥时应灌一次齐苗水。在幼苗期一般应少灌水、多中耕,适当控制水分,防止徒长和“退母”过早。在抽苔和鳞茎肥大期要增加灌水,避免受旱,保持土壤湿润。灌水应以沟灌为主,水不淹过墒面,土潮即撤,避免大水漫灌,蒜头采收前5~7天应停止灌水,否则容易产生散瓣蒜。
  3、施肥:大蒜生长期长,需肥量大,但根系浅,吸肥能力弱,所以应施足底肥,分期追肥,不断满足大蒜生长发育的需要。大蒜施肥应以有机肥为主,占总用肥量的70%,氮、磷、钾比例1:0.8:1为宜,亩用纯氮12.5公斤左右,注意补充含钙肥料,增施硼肥,施肥上可使用“一道清”或重底早追方法。一般底肥亩用30公斤复合肥(15:15:15)加猪粪50―80担,退母期(出苗后5叶左右)追一次提苗肥,亩用尿素30公斤或35公斤碳铵,圆脚期(8片叶后),可每亩施20公斤尿素或30公斤碳铵。
  4、病虫害防病:大蒜生长期间,特别是12月份以后,寒潮出现较多、低寒寡照、高湿度易导致大蒜病虫害发生。病害主要有锈病、叶枯病、疫病。防治药剂:粉锈宁、百菌清、敌菌特、速克灵,可以在发病初期或发病期间施药;虫害有葱蓟马,可用敌百虫进行扑杀。立春以后,随着气温的上升,日照增长,大蒜进入快速生长阶段,此时需肥水最多,应注意看苗补肥、适时灌水,同时降低田间温度,以满足大蒜生长需要。

回答2:

使用地膜覆盖。只长蒜不长草。

采纳后可继续发问具体操作!

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