推荐回答(3个)
1、盆栽容器和盆土
透气性好的泥瓦盆、瓷盆、水泥盆、木箱、木桶均可用来栽培无花果,但大小要适宜,直径以40~50cm为好,不能小于30cm,高度可与盆径相仿,也可稍大于盆径。
盆土要求疏松、富含
有机质、保肥、保水和透气性能较好。以山地阔叶林下的腐殖土最理想。也可用壤土、沙和腐熟粪各1/3自行配制。
2、栽植方法
用1年生壮苗于落叶后或春季发芽前栽入盆内。栽前先在盆内填入大半盆营养土压实,被移栽的苗木先浇透水,水渗后立即带土移栽入盆,要尽量多带根系,然后再填土使根部与土壤密接,土表与盆沿相平,浇水沉实后,土面距盆沿2~3cm即可。
2.2
盆内直插
于早春树液流动前剪取粗壮充实的1年生枝做插条,剪成长20cm的枝段,直插入盆。因无花果枝条极易生根,生长期内绿枝带叶扦插也容易成活。
2.3
压条
发芽前至生长前期,将已有的盆栽无花果或大田栽植的无花果的1年生枝或多年生枝压入另一盆、桶中,压条要压入盆土10cm左右。
3、盆栽无花果的整形修剪
3.1
开心形整枝修剪法
栽后在苗干基部留3~4芽剪截,当年选出不同方向的3个主枝。无花果是喜光树种,主枝角度要开张,可用拉枝的方法将主枝拉至60~70°,第2年各主枝上的混合芽即可抽梢结果。主枝长度应控制在40cm左右,对过旺的主枝应在夏季及时摘心。冬季修剪时对结果枝要去弱留壮。对3个主枝延长枝应逐年回缩更新,以控制树冠,使之大小适宜。
3.2
主干水平环形整枝法
栽后第1年不定干,让其自然生长。因其萌芽力强,当年从下往上可萌发形成多个枝条,冬季修剪时根据枝条分布状况,由下往上环形交错选留10左右、枝条延长生长后,用细铁丝将其顺枝弯形绑扎呈水平状,以利不断结果。注意疏除过密的和重叠的枝条,向上生长的主干延长枝应控制在1~1.2cm高,过旺时应及时摘心。第3年结果后,横生的结果枝已围绕主干自下而上构成一个整环,每年可进行更新修剪,以防止结果部位外移,保持结果能力,避免环形枝重叠,形成优美的树形。
4、管理
盆栽无花果应控制旺长,使其抽生中庸枝。因此浇水不宜过勤,只要叶片不出现萎蔫现象,就不必浇水。其次要合理追肥,防止施肥过量,造成肥害,氮、磷、钾肥要适当配合,肥料浓度要小。一般生长季节每隔半月施1经浸泡发酵好的豆饼水、兽蹄角水或尿素稀释液。秋季8月下旬可施1次氮磷钾复合肥或过碗酸钙、骨粉和草木灰等。无花果的病虫害极少,基本上不用喷药。5年生以前的枝条易遭冻害,入冬前需把盆移入室内或对枝干包草防寒越冬。
选叶子比较小的枝,这样养分消耗的少。首先插在在外面无花果树的树下泥土中,等过段时间长出芽了再移栽到花盆中。我是这样移了三盆。
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