历朝历代对《论语》的评价

2025-03-25 19:52:37
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

《论语》因秦始皇焚书坑儒,到西汉时期仅有口头传授及从孔子住宅夹壁中所得的本子,计有:鲁人口头传授的《鲁论语》20篇,齐人口头传授的《齐论语》22篇,从孔子住宅夹壁中发现的《古论语》21篇。西汉末年,帝师张禹精治《论语》,并根据《鲁论语》,参照《齐论语》,另成一论,称为《张侯论》。东汉末年,郑玄以《张侯论》为依据,参考《齐论语》、《古论语》,作《论语注》,是为今本《论语》。《齐论语》、《古论语》不久亡佚。现存《论语》共20篇,492章,其中记录孔子与弟子及时人谈论之语约444章,记孔门弟子相互谈论之语48章。 

西汉时,中央政府定《论语》为专门之学,设博士专门研究、传授。《隋书?经籍志》 将《论语》列入《经类》 。宋时《九经》中有《论语》 ,朱熹将《论语》《孟子》与《礼记》 中的《大学》《中庸》二篇合编为《四书》,并为作集注。明、清官方将朱注作为科举考试的标准,朱注《四书》遂为读书人的必读书,影响之大,罕有其匹。古往今来研究《论语》的著作极多。日人林泰辅《论语年谱》,著录历代研究《论语》的著述达三千种之多。影响比较大的有这样几种: 三国?魏?何晏《论语集解》,宋?邢昺《论语注疏》,朱熹《论语集注》(即《四书集注》本),清?刘宝楠《论语正义》。近人杨伯峻、金良年都各自著《论语译注》行世。叶圣陶编《十三经索引》,可以很容易地查到包括《论语》在内的《十三经》中的任何一句话的出处。 

北宋政治家赵普曾说过“半部《论语》治天下”,认为《论语》是一部不可多得的中国传统文化读本。

国学大师钱穆先生认为:“今天的中国人,应负两大责任,一是自读《论语》,一是劝人读《论语》。”可见诵读《论语》具有权其重要的意义。

回答2:

愿我的弟兄如同以撒,诚实勇敢信靠顺服,如展翅飞腾的鹰;愿我的姊妹如同利百加,温柔善良勤劳才德,如多结果子的葡萄树!

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