什么叫接零系统,接地系统,

2024-12-23 02:49:01
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

前面有一处说IT系统需要漏电保护 那个应该是TT系统吧 打错了应该

回答2:

现今的接地,接零系统多采用国际电工委员会(IEC)规定的标准。按IEC规定,低压配电接地,接零系统分有IT、TT、TN三种基本形式:在TN形式中又分有TN—C、TN—S和TN—C—S三种派生形式:
其形式划分的第1个字母反映电源中性点接地状态;
T——表示电源中性点工作接地;
I——表示电源中性点没有工作接地(或采用阻抗接地);
形式的第2个字母反映负载侧的接地状态;
T——表示负载保护接地,但与系统接地相互独立;
N——表示负载保护接零,与系统工作接地相连。
第3个字母C—表示零线(个性线)与保护零线共用一线;
第4个字母S—表示零线(中性线)与保护零线各自独立,各用各线。

对于这5种形式,其特点和应用范围分述如下:

①TT系统:三相四线供电系统,属保护接地。如电源侧中性点接地,其接地电阻大,则较为安全,此时属小接地电流系统。在接地短路时,其余两相对地电压变大,介于220一380V之间,但设备正常运行时,其外壳没有接零保护的三相不平衡电流和电压,这是IT系统的主要优点。为安全起见,IT系统常与漏电保护和断零保护相配合使用。

②IT系统:三相三线供电系统,属保护接地,电源侧个性点与地绝缘。或经大阻抗接地。在单相碰壳接地时,接触电压易于控制在安全值内;在保证人身和设备安全的同时,用电设备仍能正常工作。这种系统的漏电电流值不会很大,不能使保护装置及时动作,由于这种系统没有断零保护,因而不能设置零线N,故无法取得220V电压用于照明,这是其缺点,并且其一相碰地时,其他两相对地电压为380V,对人身更为危险。

③TN—C系统:三相四线供电系统,属保护接零。电源侧中性点接地,接地电阻很小,是大电流接地系统。该系统保护零线和工作零线共用一根导线(PEN),简单经济,但PEN线不能装熔断器,并且一旦断线将破坏系统稳定,构成对人体和设备的危险。这一系统出现单相接地故障时,其故障电流较大,但不及相间短路电流大,因而以相同短路来设计的线路保护装置一般不能及时切断故障线路。此外,这一系统的PEN线上除有中线正常的三相不平衡电流外,还会有对人体有危险的高次谐波电流。因此,这一系统是一个弊大于利的系统。

④TN—S系统:三相五线供电系统,属保护接零,中线N与零线PE分开。电源侧中性点同样接地,也是大电流接地系统。系统的三相不平衡电流不经PE线,减轻了TN—C系统的缺点,但中性点对地电位仍会通过PE线使设备外壳有电流和电压,未能彻底解决TN—C系统的缺点。因此,这一系统常与漏电开关联用方能达到较好的保护效果。

⑤TN—C—S系统:是一种TN—C与TN—S系统的混合配电方式,同属保护接零。PEN线分出独立的N线后,不能再使之与保护零线PE线合并或互换。在我国的物业管理区自配变压器的独立电网中,一般都是采用此系统。

IT系统在民用建筑和工业企业中也常用,特别是对接地要求较高的数据处理和电子设备,应优先采用TT系统;IN—S系统在国外多用,特别是对于人体较多会直接接触用电设备的场所应优先选用;IT系统主要用于易发生一相接地,绝缘不好的场所,如煤矿,化工厂等;TN——C系统过去常用,但由于其固有的缺点,现已由TN—C—S系统取代,不再推广使用。

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