机器怎么裱字画

机器怎么裱字画
2025-03-03 07:40:34
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

机器怎么裱字画是由制浆--托画心--方正画心--(托染材料)--配料--镶嵌--清裁大边--转边(包边)--粘串(接含口和粘搭杆)--配背(裱覆背纸)--覆画(扶活)--磨画(砑光)--剔边(批串)--配杆--钉铜钮(绦圈)--包杆(上轴头)--上杆--系绦(串丝带)--扎带--粘签条等工序完成的。
具体细节如下:

先调配好托画心用的六级浆水,置于右手案头上待用,然后配好托纸,要根据画心纸的大小尺寸、薄厚和纸纹,来选定命纸的用纸和裁切尺寸,如画心的纸薄,配的命纸应厚一些,可选用单宣或净皮纸,如画心的纸厚,配的命纸则需薄一些,最好是选用较薄的棉连纸。如画心的纸过宽或过长时.往往一张四尺纸或六尺纸都不够尺寸的话,可以由一张多或是几张托纸来拼接。但是所用的纸要求是一样的,纹路要求统一地拼接,不能有横有竖。在接缝处要尽量避开画面上的主要部分及人物的头部,拼接的搭接口不可过宽,越窄越好,但又不能有漏缝处。
注意在托好后或在上墙时,还要用一张干的纸放在接口处,用排刷重刷几下,将接缝处的过湿水分尽量吸去一些,因接缝处的厚度要比两侧及其它地方厚一些,其湿度也就大一些,故不能与薄的地方同时绷干,不然会造成画心的无端进裂。如果画心纸是横纹路,命纸则应用竖纹去配。但有 点就是托纸不能在上纸前事先接好,否则在上托纸时不宜平服,会在接口处的两侧出现许多大大小小的皱褶,应随托随着接。
上浆前将画心纸和命纸上的砂石、草棍等杂物剔除干净。托纸和浆水备好之后,先将排笔的笔锋浸入浆水中稍泡一会儿,便拿笔润透柔顺。再将排刷的锋丝稍沾清水,使棕丝在湿润后变得有柔性,再甩净锋丝中的净水。然后打上一盆清水,用毛巾将案面擦洗干净,即可开始工艺的操作了。
润纸上浆:画心在上浆前,要先查看一下墨与色的浓淡与否,试一试有无掉色跑墨的现象,看看纸的薄厚和纸性,首先计划好如何上浆,使用何种行刷技法,才能达到防止跑墨或跑色现象的出现。简单的检查方法是用手指稍沾水,在墨或颜色较浓重的地方稍微湿润一下,若无墨色晕出的色迹或掉色,便可上浆托纸。
上浆前,要将画心的正面向下铺在桌面上,先用排笔的笔锋略沾浆水,在画心的纸背上依次轻轻地虚刷,使纸湿润均匀,让其纸性先放开,向四周舒展平服。注意在润纸时,墨色浓重的地方不要过多的上水。如发现有跑黑或色的地方,应立即用干纸在上面按住,将水分吸干,尚可挽救。待心纸湿润后,将画心揭起来轻轻地抖一下,再平放回原处,这叫化水润纸。然后将排笔蘸浆水,准备上浆。蘸浆水时,要先将盆内的浆水搅拌均匀,以防浆液沉淀,使水中缺少粘性。
蘸浆后,先将笔毛在浆盆边沿上刮一下,再在案面上将笔毛调理整齐,然后使用侧锋或锋头的局部,在画心纸背中间或右侧先刷上一笔,以将画心固定在案面上。根据画心伸展情况,运用全锋横刷或局部小刷的技法,从定位处落笔,向四边有次序地、笔笔相接,将浆水均匀地刷于心纸之上。
随后,调整好笔锋,再重新刷一遍,赶出气泡,将画心刷平,服贴在案面上。要求是,纸面上不能有重叠、皱褶、破裂、跑墨、晕色和笔毛等。因此,在行刷上浆的同时,左手应配合右手,随着排笔的所到之处和纸面上的情况,不断轻轻地抖动心纸,调整好,使吸贴在案面上和有皱褶的地方舒展开,这样便于上浆刷子。凡行刷到墨色浓重的地方,不可用力,要虚或轻刷,更不能反复地重刷,不然本可不跑墨的地方也会被赶刷出来。但又不能漏刷。画心在上浆刷平以后,对着逆光仔细地检查一下,发亮的地方是刷到了,不亮的地方是没刷到或刷得太薄了,应重新补刷。如是墨色浓重的地方,在补刷时,要向墨色的里边行刷,利用锋尖部分即可。不要向空白处行刷,以防将墨色刷出。补刷后,将纸面上的笔毛等杂物用针锥或镊子清除干净,没有问题了,方虚刷润湿的手法可进行下一步工序上托纸。
上托纸可分为上平、排实两步进行。如何上好托纸,也是这一工序的关键问题。因托纸是干性的,在同上浆的画心相接触以后,遇湿纸性会施放。由于收缩伸展不一,在赶排上纸时,会排出许多皱褶来。因此,要求在上纸时,双手配合要协调,动作要干净利落,上纸行刷要轻而稳,刷刷相接要快而又不能有遗漏。排纸时,要稍加力,以排平排实为止。

回答2:

最好还是去买台机器研究吧,呵呵……

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