莎士比亚十四行浪漫情诗是什么?

2025-02-23 21:17:46
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

莎士比亚十四行诗大约创作于1590年至1598年之间,其诗作的结构技巧和语言技巧都很高,几乎每首诗都有独立的审美价值。
诗集分为两部分,第一部分为前126首,献给一个年轻的贵族(Fair Lord),诗人的诗热烈地歌颂了这位朋友的美貌以及他们的友情;第二部分为第127首至最后,献给一位“黑女士”(Dark Lady),描写爱情。
内容如下:
Shakespeare Sonnet 12
When I do count the clock that tells the time,
And see the brave day sunk in hideous night;
When I behold the violet past prime,
And sable curls all silver'd o'er with white:
When lofty trees I see barren of leaves,
Which erst from heat did canopy the herd,
And summer's green, all girded up in sheaves,
Born on the bier with white and bristly beard;
Then of thy beauty do I question make,
That thou among the wastes of time must go,
Since sweets and beauties do themselves forsake,
And die as fast as they see others grow;
And nothing 'gainst Time's scythe can make defence
Save breed, to brave him when he takes thee hence.
译本1、辜正坤译
当我数着壁上报时的自鸣钟,
见明媚的白昼坠入狰狞的夜,
当我凝望着紫罗兰老了春容,
青丝的卷发遍洒着皑皑白雪;
当我看见参天的树枝叶尽脱,
它不久前曾荫蔽喘息的牛羊;
夏天的青翠一束一束地就缚,
带着坚挺的白须被舁上殓床;
于是我不禁为你的朱颜焦虑:
终有天你要加入时光的废堆,
既然美和芳菲都把自己抛弃,
眼看着别人生长自己却枯萎;
没什么抵挡得住时光的毒手 ,
除了生育,当他来要把你拘走。
译本2、高黎平译
当吾心数钟报时,
看着明昼入噩夜,
当望罗兰春色逝,
乌黑卷发白若雪;
目睹大树落叶纷,
绿荫不复牧人遮;
夏日青苗成束捆,
挺白须芒装灵车。
不禁担忧君终人,
既然媚妍有尽时,
但见蕾绽已萎枯;
时光镰刀不可挡,
除非留后替君扛。
译本3、曾瑜阳译
时光款款无从数,
白昼褪去夜狰狞,
罗兰紫衣春容老,
青丝遍洒白如银;
参天古木叶脱尽,
谁见昔日牧羊群;
夏日苍翠何其短,
白须殓床自伤情;
朱颜娇美终须虑:
岁月雕琢最无形,
江山代有丽人出,
芳菲散尽总无影;
欲阻时光皆徒然,
唯留儿孙血脉传。
Sonnet 18
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd
But thy eternal summer shall not fade
Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;
Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou growest:
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this and this gives life to thee.
译本1、梁宗岱 译
我怎么能够把你来比作夏天?
你不独比它可爱也比它温婉:
狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践,
夏天出赁的期限又未免太短:
天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈,
它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽:
被机缘或无常的天道所摧折,
没有芳艳不终于凋残或消毁。
但是你的长夏永远不会凋落,
也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳,
或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊,
当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。
只要一天有人类,或人有眼睛,
这诗将长存,并且赐给你生命。
译本2、曹明伦译
我是否可以把你比喻成夏天?
虽然你比夏天更可爱更温和:
狂风会使五月娇蕾红消香断,
夏天拥有的时日也转瞬即过;
有时天空之巨眼目光太炽热,
它金灿灿的面色也常被遮暗;
而千芳万艳都终将凋零飘落,
时运天道之更替剥尽红颜;
但你永恒的夏天将没有止尽,
你所拥有的美貌也不会消失,
死神终难夸口你游荡于死荫,
当你在不朽的诗中永葆盛时;
只要有人类生存,或人有眼睛,
我的诗就会流传并赋予你生命。
译本3、曾瑜阳译
夏日纵好怎及君?
清丽温婉自超群;
五月花香恶风妒,
夏之芬芳如烟云。
天眼高灼炎难耐,
暗淡容光久不开;
自古天公爱愚弄,
多少红颜终色衰。
恒久夏日不凋零,
娇颜风姿倒乾坤;
死神到此含羞退,
君之芳名入诗文。
人迹罕绝山无棱,
此诗伴君续香魂。
作者北京:
十四行诗是源于意大利民间的一种抒情短诗,文艺复兴初期时盛行于整个欧洲,其结构十分严谨,分为上下两部分,上段为八行,下段为六行,每行十一个音节,韵脚排列:abba abba,cdc ded。莎士比亚的十四行诗的结构却更严谨,他将十四个诗行分为两部分,第一部分为三个四行,第二部分为两行,每行十个音节,韵脚为:abab,cdcd,efef,gg。这样的格式后来被称为“莎士比亚式”或“伊丽莎白式”。对诗人而言,诗的结构越严谨就越难抒情,而莎士比亚的十四行诗却毫不拘谨,自由奔放,正如他的剧作天马行空,其诗歌的语言也富于想象,感情充沛。
作品赏析:
莎士比亚十四行诗
1609年,莎士比亚发表了《十四行诗》,这是他最后一部出版的非戏剧类著作。学者无法确认154首十四行诗每一首的完成时间,但是有证据表明莎士比亚在整个创作生涯中为一位私人读者创作了这些十四行诗。更早的时候,两首未经许可的十四行诗出现在1599年出版的《热情的朝圣者》。英国作家弗朗西斯·米尔斯曾在1598年提到“在亲密朋友当中流传的甜美的十四行诗”。少数分析家认为出版的合集是根据莎士比亚有意设置的顺序。看起来他计划了两个相对的系列:一个是关于一位已婚皮肤黝黑女子的不可控制的欲望;另一个是关于一位白皙的年轻男子纯洁的爱。如今仍不清楚是否这些人物代表了真实的人,也不清楚是否诗中的“我”代表了莎士比亚自己,尽管英国诗人威廉·华兹华斯认为在这些十四行诗中“莎士比亚敞开了他的心”。 1609年的版本是献给一位“W.H.先生”,献词称他为这些诗的“唯一的促成者”(the only begetter)。献词究竟是莎士比亚自己写的还是出版商托马斯·索普所加目前仍是一个谜,索普的名字缩写出现在题献页的末尾。尽管有大量学术研究,谁是“W.H.先生”先生也依旧不为人知,甚至连莎士比亚是否授权出版该书也不清楚。评论家赞美《十四行诗》是爱、性欲、生殖、死亡和时间的本性的深刻思索。

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