孟子和庄子思想的区别(儒家和道家思想的不同)

2025-03-28 13:50:12
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

1.根于仁义的儒家人性论 孔子于仁义出发而谈性,努力使人性朝之转化以恢复社会秩序,无不体现孔子对于仁义的重视程度;孟子在孔子的基础上,本着仁义礼智作为人生而完成的善端,提出对善端的扩充即将四心转化为四德以成就理想人格,认为人天生就有为仁的可能性并点明了为仁之方法;荀子的人性论,表面看似与孟子所提倡相矛盾,但其背后蕴含的本质却具有一致性,他同样主张人必须通过发挥自身主观能动性,通过人为的、后天的努力来实现善,从不同的人性界定进一步说明了为仁之方法,主张“化性起伪”。 2.源于道论的道家人性论 老子和庄子对于儒家将仁义等作为人性之本然与应然状态均给予批判,老子认为仁、义、礼等道德规范的存在和实施并不是社会进步的体现,“故失道而后德,失德而后仁,失仁而后义,失义而后礼。夫礼者,忠信之薄而乱之首。”(《老子·三十八章》),这里老子明确表示“礼”这个东西,是忠信不足的产物,而且是祸乱的开端,是使人丧失本性的罪魁祸首。同样,庄子更是对此展开了激烈的抨击,认为违背道而外求仁义礼乐,是不道德与最大的过错之体现。在老庄二人看来,只有循道而为,人性才得以返璞归真。 来源:传播力研究

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