近几年高考短文改错分析

2025-02-26 06:23:13
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回答1:

短文改错是近十年来高考英语测试题中的必考题。是集语法知识于语言技能为一体的综合性英语试题。其目的是考查学生对语言的评价与校正能力和对词汇,语法和语篇三要素的把握能力。要求学生在阅读的基础上,综合运用语言知识,根据上下文找出错误,再加以改正。在此过程中,也考查了学生英语语法,词汇,英语习惯搭配,思维能力等方面的综合能力。然而我们都知道它是学生得分不高,感到困难的一种综合性题型。与阅读理解,书面表达也有密切的关系。特别是在我们农村中学,学生基础知识掌握不够,因此,如何培养学生在这方面的能力,最大限度提高短文改错的得分率,是我们许多英语教师要思考的问题。 要分析改错题的命题原则及特点;高考短文改错题的考察设疑方式不外乎:无错(1处),多词或少词(3到4处)错词(5-6处)。而且,没有单词拼写,标点符号或词序错误,只涉及语法和语义逻辑层面。 一,短文改错考查的主要知识点 短文改错主要从词法上,句法上,行文逻辑上考学生。从词法上,它主要考查:(1)动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词及情态动词的用法等;名词,代词的数,格;形容词,副词的比较级;主谓一致及其它的一致关系;连词,关系词的使用等;(2)从句法上,它涉及到简单句否定,疑问,倒装,省略,替代等变化;(3)从行文逻辑上,它涉及到人物的性别以及与之相对应的物主代词,句义的并列与转折,时间的顺序,数量的增减以及因果关系等。 二,短文改错的错误类型。 1.考生必须熟悉设错方式:正确、多一词、缺一词、错一词,而且大多数短文符合“1126”原则(正确一处,多词一处,缺词两处,错词六处)或“1225”原则(正确一处,多词两处,缺词两处,错词五处) 2,多词现象大多出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。 3,缺词现象主要在冠词、介词、副词、助动词、不定式符号to、连词等。 4.错词现象主要在冠词,介词,名词单复数,动词时态,非谓语动词,主谓一致,代词,连词。 2 5.要注意三个问题;(1)单词拼写;大小写;词序错误;标点符号均不改。(2)忠实于原文,一行一错,一错一词;错误以改动最少为原则;虚词以添加或删除为原则;实词以改变形式为原则。(3)解题要规范:要严格按照示范规定的符号改错,不能离开文后的10道横线在原文里勾勾画画、涂涂改改。切忌用文字说明或用箭头表示。务必记住代表准确无误、错词纠正、缺词填补、多词删除的符号。 三.解题技巧 1.学生应将短文通读两遍。第一遍是快速阅读对短文有大体的了解,同时也有发现明显的错误;第二遍应仔细地通读全文,以了解其主要时态、语态、习惯用法、文章结构、因果关系等,确定错误,疏通短文。 2.依据查错。“题以行出,错从句生”,必须以句子而不是每行为单位来分析。学生要做到“三查”查特殊词(名词、动词、代词、形容词和副词)、查短语搭配(名词与介词、形容词与介词、动词短语)查句法(主谓一致、时态、句子之间的连接、平行结构等)。 3.瞻前顾后。注意行行兼顾,结合常识和上下文。 4.仔细复查。做完一题后要将正确答案带入短文中复查一遍,最后要重新通读全文,仔细检查。 就以上的解题技巧及短文改错命题特点及其规律,我们分析了2010年6套含“短文改错”的高考英语试卷不难看出:该题以考查词法为主,重点考查动词、名词、形容词、代词和介词等;同时兼顾对句式、逻辑及搭配等的考查。

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