推荐回答（2个）
急性脊髓炎的预防在有排尿障碍行留置导尿，预防尿路感染；吞咽困难应放置胃管。在用药上可以选择巴氯芬片，巴氯芬片可以用于缓解由以下疾病引起的骨骼肌痉挛：1、多发性硬化、脊髓空洞症、脊髓肿瘤、横贯性脊髓炎、脊髓外伤和运动神经元病。2、脑血管病、脑性瘫痪、脑膜炎、颅脑外伤。
急性脊髓炎可见于任何年龄，但以青壮年居多，在10～19岁和30～39岁有两个发病高峰。其年发病率在1～4/100万。男女发病率无明显差异，各种职业均可发病，以农民多见，全年散在发病，冬春及秋冬相交时较多。
急性脊髓炎的临床表现为急性起病，起病时可有低热、病变部位神经根痛，肢体麻木乏力和病变节段束带感；亦可无其他任何症状而直接发生瘫痪。大多在数小时或数日内出现受累平面以下运动障碍、感觉缺失及膀胱、直肠括约肌功能障碍，运动障碍早期为脊髓休克表现，一般持续2～4周后，肌张力逐渐增高，腱反射活跃，出现病理反射。脊髓休克期的长短取决于脊髓损害严重程度和有无发生肺部感染、尿路感染、压疮等并发症。脊髓损伤严重时，常导致屈肌张力增高，下肢任何部位的刺激或膀胱充盈，均可引起下肢屈曲反射和痉挛，伴有出汗、竖毛、尿便自动排出等症状，称为总体反射，常提示预后不良。随着病情的恢复，感觉平面逐渐下降，但较运动功能的恢复慢且差。自主神经功能障碍早期表现为二便潴留，后随着脊髓功能的恢复，可形成反射性神经源性膀胱。
急性脊髓炎病程一般为单向，但是在一部分患者中，急性脊髓炎为其首发症状，病灶继而可以累及到视神经，大脑白质或再次累及脊髓，从而演变为视神经脊髓炎，多发性硬化或者复发性脊髓炎。
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