求各位大神们帮我赏析一下这首诗

2025-02-10 08:48:53
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

这首诗是一首五言律诗,作者何景明,是明代代表诗人,前后七子之一,虽然明朝时期的诗词成就不如唐宋,但是也有自己的特点。比如何景明谢榛等人的五律,就写得简洁明了,干净利落,这首诗也是一样。
前面四句近乎白描,从作者的行踪落笔,东下商南,西辞蜀北,来到青山之间的两河口,古戍之地。古戍,就是古战场,作者由行踪落笔,不露痕迹的写出了两河口古戍之地险要的地理特征,然后在颈联用一联写景的句子,深化了这种地势的险要感,栈道在丛林中盘旋曲折,激流拍打着山脚的岩石,颇有一点金沙水拍云崖暖的感觉,山高水疾道路曲折,突出了古戍的险要。

这两句对仗,写得很有特点,我们知道五律的颔联和颈联是必须对仗的,但是对仗之中要有变化。
颔联对仗写得很平稳,青山两河口,古戍百家村,我们注意到这两句是由四个地名构成的,没有动词,这种无动句法,有个名字叫做列锦格。
再看下面的颈联,就和颔联对比明显,因为颈联写景句中,用了两个很激烈的动词,盘,喷,盘林杪,就是在树顶之上盘旋,喷石根,就是在山石危岩的底下湍流喷溅,一上一下,对比强烈,而且动感十足,可以看出这两联对仗,一静一动,印象分明。

然后,第七句轻轻一点,经过回白首,为什么是白首?一方面点明自己的状况和心境,一方面暗示自己在这曲折险要之地,白首跋涉,可见人物的经历多么悲戚和沧桑,最后推出结句,踪迹遍乾坤,更加明确的写出了作者跋涉世途的艰辛。

而且乾坤两字,扣回首句,意思就是结尾呼应开头,尾句写乾坤,首句暗含了东南西北四个字,东南西北岂不就是乾坤。

这首诗,对仗工稳,结构精巧,语言简练,对形势地势的险要的衬托也很不错,极写地势的险要,就是要衬托出作者白首跋涉走遍乾坤的世途之难。

但是呢,很显然,整体的立意和格局不够高远,内容也简洁明确,诗意的衍发外延不够,何景明和谢榛的五律都是这个特点,他们已经是前后七子中翘楚,由此很容易看出明朝律诗和盛唐律诗的区别,比如王维的空山新雨后,一直写到随意春芳歇,王孙自可留。句意虽止,但是前面空山灵雨浣女夜归的场景还在回放,整个诗的意境绝不仅仅止于王孙的去留,更有一种无言的蕴含在渗透读者的神经。
而何景明这一首,写到白首乾坤,世途艰难,诗意就戛然而止,缺少回味的空间,而且他们(前后七子)似乎有意这样缩短诗意的延伸,也许当时看来这种写法是一种潮流,百年之后再看,显然比之盛唐,差得不是一点半点。

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