锋钢与不锈钢焊接用什么焊接最好?

2025-03-24 19:32:50
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

一下几种都可以。
1、用氧-乙炔气体火焰钎焊或者 高频感应钎焊、 高频感应钎焊、浸铜钎焊 。
2、我推荐用氧-乙炔气体火焰钎焊,焊接材料可选用,黄铜黄铜加磞砂或铜焊粉。
3、常用的钎焊方法
① 氧气-乙炔火焰钎焊 是最常用的钎焊方法之一。硬质合金钎焊可用一般的氧气-乙炔设备,不需要增加其他的专用设备。根据氧气-乙炔火焰的特点,采用合理的加热方式和选用正确的工艺,能焊出优质的硬质合金工具。氧气-乙炔火焰钎焊适用于批量比较小的中小型硬质合金刀具、模具和量具,也适于野外修复损坏的硬质合金采掘工具。
氧气-乙炔焰的焰心温度高达3000℃左右,在钎焊加热时应避免用焰心直接喷射硬质合金,以免温度过高产生裂纹。钎焊前先将钎剂、钎料和硬质合金依次放好,用还原火焰在靠近硬质合金的底部基体部分进行预热。当预热温度达到700~800℃钎剂开始熔化时,再从上面加热硬质合金片及周围的焊缝,直到钎料熔化呈晶亮的液态,并沿侧面焊缝渗至表面。此时应抬高火焰,使焰尾继续沿焊缝四周加热,以保持钎焊温度。同时用金属棒拨动刀征沿刀槽往复移动2~3次,调整并压紧刀片,把多余的钎料及熔渣排出。排渣后,即停止加热并用加压棒在硬质合金顶面的中心部分加压,停留2~3s,待钎料凝固后,即可送入保温箱或保温介质中保温2~3h,使之缓慢冷却。缓冷后的刀具,如再经过消除应力的回火处理,能收到更好的效果。回火温度约300℃,保温6h后随炉冷至室温。
② 高频感应钎焊 高频感应钎焊是利用频率为600kHz,功率在10~100kW之间的高频感应加热电源,产生高频电流。当高频电流穿过感应器时产生高频交变磁场,在感应器中的被焊金属中产生感应电流。高频加热速度很快,可以在很短时间内加热到很高的温度,使焊料熔化。高频感应钎焊使用的感应器大多是用直径5~10mm的紫铜管绕制而成。感应器的几何形状和尺寸选择是否合适,是决定高频感应钎焊的加热速度、温度均匀性、生产效率及钎焊质量的重要因素之一。
在焊接前,应根据焊接工具的大小调节高频设备的输出功率,使工件加热速度适中,温度均匀。功率过大易使工件局部过热和钎料熔化不完全,易使硬质合金产生裂纹;功率太小,则加热时间过长,容易造成刀体氧化,影响生产效率。一般焊接加热速度为30~60℃/s,钨钛钴合金的加热速度应为10~40℃/s。
高频感应钎焊加热速度快,效率高,操作简单,劳动条件比较好。适用于大批量的自动或半自动钎焊。但是设备投资大,耗电量多。
③ 高频感应钎焊 是在专门用于钎焊硬质合金刀具的钎焊机或对焊机上进行,焊接变压器的次级线圈电压小于36V,电流在1000A以上。钎焊时将工件夹在两个紫铜电极之间,当次级线圈输出的强大电流通过焊接工件时,利用硬质合金和钢基体之间接触电阻产生的热量作为焊接热源使钎料熔化。
接触钎焊常用于钎焊车刀、刨刀等工具。接触钎焊的焊接效率高,焊接一把大截面的硬质合金车刀、刨刀只需4~5min。在加热过程中断电1~2次,直到晶亮的液态钎料布满整个焊缝。由于加热时间短,氧化和热变形小,并且操作方便。但是加热过程中电极容易烧伤工件表面,有时也会因电极或硬质合金表面未清理干净,或接触面的电阻过大而无法导电加热。
④ 浸铜钎焊 是将工件的钎焊部分浸入熔化的液态钎料中,利用毛细作用使液态钎料沿工件的焊缝渗入,从而达到钎焊的目的。浸铜焊通常以盐浴炉、焦炭炉或油炉做热源,钎料和钎剂都置于石墨或耐热不锈钢坩埚中加热至液态。这种钎焊方法适用于成批生产各种碛质合金刀具和钻探用的硬质合金钻头等。可以一次加热完成多刃硬质合金刀具的钎焊,有较高的钎焊效率。
采用浸铜钎焊的硬质合金多刃刀具要求刀片槽有0.3~0.4mm深的夹持刀片用的工艺墙,并且刀片与刀片槽配合要好。装配前用四氯化碳仔细清洗刀片和刀槽,用尖片将刀片铆紧,然后在刀具离焊缝2mm外的非焊接面上涂上厚度为1~3mm的保护涂料层。待阴干后,放入250~300℃的烘箱内烘烤30min,即可进行焊接。

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