Con the whole 大体上,基本上,总的来看[说];大抵;大致如此;大致 固定搭配答案肯定有误!that引导宾语从句,句子可以颠倒为:the meeting was very successful on the whole.
答案是C,这个句子that后边是从句,on the whole是从句的一个状语,介词结构作状语