关于语流音变的问题

2025-02-08 22:13:05
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

韩国语的每个辅音和元音都有自己的音值。但是,在语流中有些音素往往会受到前面或后面音素的影响,或变成另外一个音,或不再发声,或添加某些音,这种现象即为语音的变化。
下面将韩国语中语音变化的集中现象做以简单的介绍:
1.连音现象
韩国语的韵尾(除ㅇ,ㅎ以外),在与后面的元音相连时,韵尾便移到后面的音节上,与之拼成一个音节,这一现象叫做连音现象。
例:이것은[이거슨] 무엇을[무어슬] 무엇이에요[무어시에요]
책이에요[채기에요] 서울이에요[서우리에요] 멀어요[머러요]
2.紧音化现象
①韵尾ㄱ(ㄲ,ㅋ,ㄳ,ㄺ),ㄷ(ㅅ,ㅆ,ㅈ,ㅊ,ㅌ),ㅂ(ㅍ,ㄼ,ㄿ,ㅄ)与辅音ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅂ,ㅅ,ㅈ相连时,ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅂ,ㅅ,ㅈ分别发成紧音ㄲ,ㄸ,ㅃ,ㅆ,ㅉ。
例:국법[국뻡] 꺾다[꺽따] 삯돈[삭똔] 닭장[닥짱] 있다[읻따]
꽃고[꼳꼬] 넓죽[넙쭉] 솥전[솓쩐] 곱돌[곱똘] 덮개[덥깨]
밭갈이[받까리] 낯설다[낟썰다] 돋보기[돋뽀기] 옷고름[옫꼬름]
꽃다발[꼳따발] 값지다[갑찌다] 읊조리다[읍쪼리다]
②韵尾ㄴ(ㄵ),ㅁ(ㄻ)与以辅音ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅈ为首的语尾相连时,辅音ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅈ分别发成紧音ㄲ,ㄸ,ㅉ.
例:신고[신꼬] 앉고[안꼬] 삼고[삼꼬] 젊지[점찌]
③在汉字词中,韵尾ㄹ后面的辅音ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅂ,ㅅ,ㅈ分别发成紧音ㄲ,ㄸ,ㅃ,ㅆ,ㅉ
例:발동[발똥] 절도[절또] 일시[일씨] 물질[물찔]
④冠形词形语尾-ㄹ/-을与辅音ㄱ.ㄷ,ㅂ,ㅅ,ㅈ相连时,辅音分别发成紧音ㄲ,ㄸ,ㅃ,ㅆ,ㅉ
例:할 것을[할꺼슬] 할 수는[할쑤는] 갈 데가[갈떼가]
할 적에[할쩌게] 할 바를[할빠를] 있을 데가[이쓸떼가]
3.同化现象
①韵尾ㄱ(ㄲ,ㅋ,ㄳ,ㄺ),ㄷ(ㅅ,ㅆ,ㅈ,ㅊ.ㅎ),ㅂ(ㅍ,ㄼ,ㄿ,ㅄ)在辅音ㄴ,ㅁ前出现时,分别发为ㅇ,ㄴ,ㅁ.
例:국물[궁물] 깎는[깡는] 부엌만[부엉만] 몫몫이[몽목씨]
긁는[긍는] 닫는[단는] 짓는[진는] 있는[인는] 맞는[안는]
젗멍울[전멍울] 쫓는[쫀는] 꽃망울[꼰망울] 붙는[분는]
놓는[논는] 밥물[밤물] 앞마당[암마당] 밟는[밤는] 읊는[음는]
없는[엄는]
②韵尾ㅁ,ㅇ后面的辅音ㄹ都发成ㄴ;ㄴ与ㄹ相连时,不论ㄹ音在ㄴ的前面还是后面,ㄴ都发成ㄹ音。
例:침략[침냑] 향로[향노] 대통령[대통녕] 담력[담녁] 난로[날로]
천리[철리]
③在一部分汉字词中,韵尾ㄱ,ㅂ与辅音ㄹ相连时,ㄹ发成ㄴ音。
例:백리[백니-뱅니] 십리[십니-심니] 협력[협녁-혐녁]
막론[막논-망논]
④韵尾ㄷ,ㅌ,ㄾ与助词或接尾词-이相连时,发为ㅈ,ㅊ音,并成为后一个音节的音首。
例:땀받이[땀바지] 굳이[구지] 미닫이[미다지] 밭이[바치]
벼훑이[벼훌치]
4.音的缩略、脱落与添加现象
①在韩国语中,部分音有缩略或脱落的现象。
例:쓰어라---써라 보아라---봐라 푸어서---퍼서 치어서---쳐서
솔+나무---소나무 딸+님---따님 바늘+질---바느질
上面的例子中,既有三个音节变为两个音节的现象,也有虽然音节没发生变化,但韵尾ㄹ脱落的现象。
②在部分合成词中,还有添加音的现象。
例:꽃+잎---꽃잎[꼰닙] 늑막+염---늑막염[능망념]
콩+엿---콩엿[콩녇] 신+여성---신여성[신녕성]
코+등---콧등[코뜽/콛뜽] 배+머리---뱃머리[밴머리]
깨+잎---깻잎[깬닙] 기+발---깃발[기빨/긷빨]
배+속---뱃속[배쏙/밷쏙] 전보+대---전봇대[전보때/전볻때]
아래+이---아랫니[아랜니]
5.音首法则
韩国语发音有这样一个特点,即作为单词收音的除了在少数的外来语词汇仍发外(例如:라디오,레코드,라인,럭비等),大多数情况下不发音。而在汉字词中,首音或根据一定的规则脱落,或变为其他音,其书写方法也要求按照读音来书写,其具体变化规则如下:
①汉字音랴,려,례,료,류,리位于词首时,ㄹ不发音,랴,려,례,료,류,리分别发为[야,여,예,요,유,이]。
例:양심(良心)---량심× 역사(历史)---력사 × 용궁(龙宫)---룡궁×
유수(流水)---류수× 예절(礼节)---례절 × 이발(理发)---리발×
②汉字音녀,뇨,뉴,니位于词首时,分别发为[여,요,유,이]。
例:여자(女子)---녀자× 연세(年岁)---년세 × 유대(纽带)---뉴대×
요소(尿素)---뇨소× 익명(匿名)---닉명 × 익사(溺死)---닉사×
③汉字音라,래,로,뢰,루,리位于词首时,分别发为[나,내,노,뇌,누,니]
例:내일(来日)---래일× 낙원(乐园)---락원 × 뇌물(赂物)---뢰물×
누각(楼阁)---루각× 노인(老人)---로인 × 능묘(陵墓)---릉묘×
这里需要指出的是,以上所说的汉字音如果在词的非首音位置出现时,一般仍发为原来的汉字音。
例:선량(善良)---선양× 협력(协力)---협역 × 흑룡(黑龙)---흑용 ×
하류(下流)---하유× 경례(敬礼)---경예 × 남녀(男女)---남여 ×
당뇨(糖尿)---당요× 결뉴(结纽)---결유 × 은닉(隐匿)---은익 ×
왕래(往来)---왕내× 쾌락(快乐)---쾌낙 × 연로(年老)---연노 ×
지뢰(地雷)---지뇌× 고루(高楼)---고누 × 구릉(丘陵)---구능 ×
通过以上说明可以看出,韩国语中汉字词的发音与汉语的汉字音是有一定的关系,并有一定规律可循的。如果能熟记这些规则,就能够比较容易地掌握韩国语的汉字词。

可累死我了,终于打完了!

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