变同义句有什么法则

2025-03-24 17:36:34
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

这个问题很宽泛,同义句有很多种类,我给你详细讲解一下:
[解题过程]
同义句转换是英语句型转换的一种重要形式,也是中考命题的一个热点。该题型主要考查同学们对英语词汇、句型的掌握情况和灵活运用的能力。其特点是涉及面广、语言点多、方式灵活、要求较高、难度较大。为了帮助同学们掌握一些同义句转换题型解题技巧,现将常见的同义句转换形式作一归纳:
一、用同义词(近义词)或词组改写
做此题型时,我们可以采用“词语替代法”,此法是指用词性相同的同义词、近义词或同义词组对原句的某些成分进行简单的替代,而句子结构保持不变。因此,我们在学习过程中要掌握尽可能多的同义词(组),如:be able to,can;arrive in(at),reach,get to;be good at,do well in;have a good time,enjoy oneself;look after,take care of;over,more than等等。具体运用时,还要注意它们在句中的位置,形式与转换后句中其他部分的相应变化。例如:
1.Every day,Wang Zhizhi receives emails from thousands of basketball fans.
Every day,Wang Zhizhi _______ _______ thousands of basketball fans.
2.They will get to London in four days.
They will _______ _______ London in four days.
答案:1.hears from 2.arrive in
二、运用反义词或词组改写
英语中有些反义词(组)具有非此即彼的排它性。因此其否定式与其对应的反义词(组)同义。如:same与different ,not same= different ,not different=same ,所以此类反义词(组)的否定式可以用于同义转换。另外,用反义词(组)替换,要注意上下句主语间的互换。例如:
3.The runner couldn't catch up with the others in the race.
The runner _______ _______ the others in the race.
4.Tom borrowed a picture book from the boy just now.
The boy _______ a picture book _______ Tom just now.
答案:3.fell behind 4.lent;to
三、用派生词或一词多义改写
此类题型可采用“词类转换法”,利用某些派生词或词性相异的词组来代替原句中的某些成分。此时句子结构会发生一些变化。例如:
5.The snow was heavy last night.
It _______ _______ last night.
6.The foreigners have visited the Great Wall.
The foreigners have been _______ _______ _______ to the Great Wall.
答案:5.snowed heavily 6.on a visit
四、用同义句型改写
该类题型是指利用意义相同或相近,但结构不同的句型、句式来表达同一句意的方法。此类变化常见的句型有:(1)not as…as…与比较级的变化;(2)than any other与最高级的变化;(3)when(after ,before)引导的从句与not…until…的变化;(4)瞬间动词 come,go,leave,buy,die,begin,borrow…)的过去时与含有段时间状语的完成时的变化;(5)cost,spend on与pay for的变化等等。例如:
7.She spent 30dollars on the English- Chinese dictionary.
The English-Chinese dictionary _______ _______ 30 dollars.
8.How clever the man is!
_______ _______ clever man he is !
9.How old are you ?
_______ your _______ ?
10.We came home when it was six o'clock.
We _______ _______ home _______ it was six o'clock.
答案:7.cost her 8.What a 9.What's; age 10.didn't come;until(before)
五、二合一并成简单句
二合一也叫“合并分句法”,此法就是把两个并列句中成分相同的部分合并起来,使其成为一个简单句。常用的连词有:neither...nor...,either...or...,both...and...,not only...but also...,其中由neither ...nor...,either...or,notonly...but also...等连接的并列主语,通常遵循就近原则,即谓语需与后面的那个主语保持一致。另外,还可以使用too…to,enough to等含有不定式的结构把两个句子合并成一个分句。例如:
11.He hasn't been to France.She hasn't been to France,either.
_______ he _______ she _______ been to France.
12.Mrs.Smith is my teacher.She is also my good friend.
Mrs.Smith is _______ _______ my teacher _______ _______ my good friend.
13.The room isn't very big.It can't hold a lot of people.
This room isn't _______ _______ _______ hold so many people.
答案:11.Neither;nor;has 12.not only; but also 13.big enough to
六、简单句与复合句的互换
复合句转化为简单句一般侧重于将从句变化为短语或词组,使其句意简单明了。常见的转换方法有:(1)用不定式替换、用介词短语替换、用名词短语替换、用分词性短语替换;(2)将宾语从句简化为“疑问词+不定式”;(3)将so…that…(such…that…)引导的状语从句简化为含有too…to…(或enough to)的简单句;(4)if引导的状语从句简化为“祈使句,and(or)+句子”。例如:
14.I hope that I can see you soon.
I hope _______ _______ you soon.
15.Please tell me where we show our tickets.
Please tell me _______ _______ _______ our tickets.
16.If you don't hurry up ,you'll miss the early bus.
_______ _______ , _______ you won't _______ the early bus.
简单句变为复合句,一般是把宾语扩大为宾语从句,其宾语从句应该用将来时或“情态动词+动词原形”的形式。例如:
17.Could you tell me how to get to the post office ?
Could you tell me how _______ _______ _______ to the post office?
答案:14.to see 15.where to show 16.Hurry up;or;catch 17.I can get
七、用it作形式主语进行转换
不定式的动作发出者一般是句子的主语,但有时却不是,这时不定式常会带上自己的逻辑主语,这一主语常用for引出。例如:
18.He can finish the work easily.
_______ _______ _______ for him _______ finish the work.
答案:18.It is easy;to
八、语态之间的转换
语态之间的转换主要用于主动语态和被动语态之间的变化。例如:
19.Your classroom must be cleaned every day.
You _______ _______ your classroom every day.
答案:19.must clean
九、综合转换
综合转换是在整体把握句意的基础上,对原句重新进行概括表达,它在词汇、结构等多方面都有较大的变化。例如:
20.Something is wrong with that machine.
That machine _______ _______ .
答案:20.doesn't work

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