推荐回答(4个)
潴育化和潜育化最大的区别在于:
1.潜育化发生在终年积水的土壤中,而潴育化发生的土壤也浸水,但是浸水经常处于移动状态,通俗点讲就是地下水有升有降,土壤有一定的干湿交替过程。
2.潜育化中的铁锰发生还原的脱色作用,颜色为蓝灰色或青灰色。而潴育化中的铁、锰不断在氧化和还原中交替,因此土体中形成黑色铁锰斑或结合、红色胶膜或蟮血斑,即黑色或红色,多观察即可分辨。
1
渗育水稻土:
主要分布在平原中地势较高地区,及丘陵缓坡地上,受地面季节性灌水影响。或种稻时间短的旱改水地区。土体构型为W-Ap2
-Be-Bg-C型,渗育层(
Be)厚度在20cm以上,棱块状结构,有铁锰物质淀积。渗育层中铁的晶胶率比剖面中其它层次明显提高。在中国土壤系统分类(修订方案)中部分渗育水稻土相当于底潜铁渗水耕人为土。
(土壤中铁的形态全铁Fet
硅酸盐类非硅酸盐类(游离铁Fed)
晶质铁
(老化)
弱晶质铁
针铁矿
强晶质铁
游离铁Fed--活性铁Feo
非晶质铁
(凝胶态铁)(活化)
(无定形铁)活性铁Feo
与有机质富里酸结合的Fepo
未与有机质富里酸结合的凝胶态铁Feo
铁的转化:老化与活化:螯合、漂洗、氧化、还原、水合、溶解
干燥老化:
游离铁Fed---无定形铁Feo---
弱晶质铁--强晶质铁
研究水稻土的定量指标:
氧化铁的游离度=Fed/Fet*100%反映风化程度
晶化度=(Fed-Feo)/Fed*100%反映成土时间长短
晶胶率=(Fed-Feo)/Feo*100%研究水成土性质
活化度=Feo/Fed*100%
活化度低,晶胶率高,成土时间长
络合度=Fepo/Fed
晶胶率>2
潴育型水稻土
晶胶率<1
潜育型水稻土
晶胶率<2
淹育型水稻土)
2.潴育水稻土:
分布于平原及丘陵沟谷中、下部,种稻历史长,排灌条件好,受地面灌溉水及地下水影响。土体构型为W-Ap2
-Be-Bghs-Cg(或Br)型。下部有明显水耕淀积层(Bghs)(或潴育层),厚度>20Cm,该层棱块或棱柱状结构发育良好,有橘红色铁锈及铁锰结核等,特别是Fe2+与有机质形成络合态铁,并氧化为红色沉淀态络合铁,分布于结构体表面,称之为“鳝血”,与其它层相比,铁的活化度低,晶胶率高,盐基饱和度也高。在中国土壤系统分类(修订方案)中部分潴育水稻土相当于普通铁聚水耕人为土。
1 渗育水稻土:
主要分布在平原中地势较高地区,及丘陵缓坡地上,受地面季节性灌水影响。或种稻时间短的旱改水地区。土体构型为W-Ap2 -Be-Bg-C型,渗育层( Be)厚度在20cm以上,棱块状结构,有铁锰物质淀积。渗育层中铁的晶胶率比剖面中其它层次明显提高。在中国土壤系统分类(修订方案)中部分渗育水稻土相当于底潜铁渗水耕人为土。
(土壤中铁的形态全铁Fet 硅酸盐类非硅酸盐类(游离铁Fed)
晶质铁
(老化) 弱晶质铁 针铁矿
强晶质铁 游离铁Fed--活性铁Feo
非晶质铁 (凝胶态铁)(活化) (无定形铁)活性铁Feo 与有机质富里酸结合的Fepo
未与有机质富里酸结合的凝胶态铁Feo
铁的转化:老化与活化:螯合、漂洗、氧化、还原、水合、溶解
干燥老化: 游离铁Fed---无定形铁Feo--- 弱晶质铁--强晶质铁
研究水稻土的定量指标:
氧化铁的游离度=Fed/Fet*100%反映风化程度
晶化度=(Fed-Feo)/Fed*100%反映成土时间长短
晶胶率=(Fed-Feo)/Feo*100%研究水成土性质
活化度=Feo/Fed*100%
活化度低,晶胶率高,成土时间长
络合度=Fepo/Fed
晶胶率>2 潴育型水稻土
晶胶率<1 潜育型水稻土
晶胶率<2 淹育型水稻土)
2.潴育水稻土:
分布于平原及丘陵沟谷中、下部,种稻历史长,排灌条件好,受地面灌溉水及地下水影响。土体构型为W-Ap2 -Be-Bghs-Cg(或Br)型。下部有明显水耕淀积层(Bghs)(或潴育层),厚度>20Cm,该层棱块或棱柱状结构发育良好,有橘红色铁锈及铁锰结核等,特别是Fe2+与有机质形成络合态铁,并氧化为红色沉淀态络合铁,分布于结构体表面,称之为“鳝血”,与其它层相比,铁的活化度低,晶胶率高,盐基饱和度也高。在中国土壤系统分类(修订方案)中部分潴育水稻土相当于普通铁聚水耕人为土。
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