苦瓜种子催芽过程中出现异常是什么原因?

生出的根成突粗状,根尖几乎不再生长。
2025-02-10 22:18:16
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

第一,浸种。
先用55℃的热水烫种、搅动10分钟,当温度降到30℃时浸种12小时,期间换水三次,洗掉种子表皮的粘液,(最好将种子轻轻嗑开一条缝,有利于种子吸水,浸种时间为8小时)
第二,催芽
将种子洗净捞出,用干净的纱布包好,放在30℃左右的温箱内催芽。每天用温水清洗一遍,大约5-8天开始出芽。不具备恒温箱条件的家庭园艺栽培者,可以将苦瓜种子放到湿润的纱布种,用密封的塑料袋装起来,贴肉放置在身上,或者放到暖和的地方,可以保持30度左右的温度。注意,温度20度以下,苦瓜出芽缓慢。
第三,育苗
将露白的苦瓜种子放在育苗钵或者育苗盘中,覆土厚度1厘米,最好用育苗土育苗。等长出三四片叶子后,可以移栽。 应在气温稳定后进行,以避免在移植过程中,受到低温的影响而降低成活率
第四,管理
1,苦瓜从苗期开始,即应及时进行中耕、除草和培土,以防瓜头土壤板结。一般在定植浇过缓苗水之后,待表土稍干不发黏时进行第1次中耕,如果遇大风或土壤过干旱,则可重浇1次水后再中耕。第2次中耕,可在第1次中耕后10~15d进行,这次中耕要注意保护新根,宜浅不宜深。每次中耕可结合施一些优质农家肥或者有机肥。搭架后,当瓜蔓伸长达50cm以上时,根系基本布满全行间,一般不宜再中耕。但要注意及时拔除杂草,防止野草丛生,以改善田间通风透光条件和减轻病虫危害。在第1次中耕时,若发现缺苗或弱病苗,要及时补栽,以保全苗。
2搭架与整枝
  当幼苗长到20cm左右时,需进行搭架引蔓。搭架的方式有平棚架和“人”字架2种。平棚架通风透气好,结瓜多,产量高。平棚架又分连栋平棚架和分栋平棚架。连栋平棚架一般是在瓜行中,每隔3~4m竖一木桩,上面用小竹子、小木棍或尼龙网等将整块田的木桩连成一片,棚顶离地面2m左右;分栋平棚架一般是以每2行瓜为1个棚,棚高1.5~2.0m。分栋平棚架植株受光面大,通风透气良好,方便管理,比连栋平棚架好。不管是连栋平棚架,或是分栋平棚架,还是“人”字架,搭架都要力求牢固,以避免风吹倒塌,而损伤瓜苗,影响产量。苦瓜的分枝力很强,主蔓与侧蔓均可结瓜,在一般情况下,不必进行整枝。但冬春苦瓜由于生长势强,侧蔓较多,距离地面50cm以下的侧蔓及过密的和衰老的枝叶应及时摘除,以利于通风透光,提高光能利用率。在生长中期如果瓜蔓过于疯长,则要及时摘心打顶,以抑制其生长,促进结瓜。苦瓜的引蔓,在瓜苗未上棚前要勤,每隔2~3d引绑1次。引蔓方法一般是引主蔓沿厘竹直上,侧蔓向支架左右方向横引,引蔓时间以晴天的下午进行为宜,以免折断。
3肥水管理 ,家庭盆栽与小菜园种植的朋友,可以用有机肥做底肥,冲施肥追肥。
  苦瓜结瓜轮次多,收获时间长,一生消耗水肥量大。因此,加强肥水管理是夺取高产的重要保证。除施足基肥外,一般在抽蔓、开花、结果时重施追肥,苗期追肥可少些。第1次追肥是在定植后7d左右(直播地瓜苗长出2片真叶时),可施用10%浓度的腐熟人粪尿或0.5%复合肥水,以后每隔5~7d施1次,其浓度逐渐加大,待至开花结果时,人粪尿浓度可增加到30%左右。开花结果期间,要追2~3次重肥,以延长其收获期。一般在初花时,用饼肥375~450kg/hm2、复合肥225~300kg/hm2、尿素150kg/hm2,结合培土追施;第1次采收后,继续用饼肥300~375kg/hm2、复合肥300kg/hm2再追施1次,以后每采收1~2次,就要追施30%~40%的人粪尿或复合肥150~225kg/hm2。追肥还要看天气和叶色的情况,灵活掌握,酌情增减。苦瓜虽喜潮湿,但又忌积水,如果根部受浸后,叶片萎黄,果实就会腐烂,还可能引起根腐而致枯萎。冬春苦瓜生长前期气温较低,应适当控制水分,以增强抗寒能力。开花至采收前的晴天,应适当浇水,一般每隔2~3d浇1次水。采收期间的需水量较大,应每天浇水1~2次。浇水应在日出后或日落前进行,浇水不能使土壤过湿。夏秋苦瓜处在气温高、蒸发量大的环境中,应加强浇水或灌水,予以调节温度、湿度。前期以浇为主,即以清净之水,浇足淋透。瓜蔓满架后,可采取沟灌的方法,以保持土壤湿润,但沟灌应以半沟水为宜,做到润而不渍。在雨季则要及时做好排水工作,以免积水使畦面过湿而引起烂根发病。

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