推荐回答(2个)
安史之乱间接导致唐朝衰亡。
安史之乱之影响也包括促使长安、洛阳的衰落与中国政治重心的转移。
自秦汉以来,长安所在的关中地区一带均为政治上的首都,是中国的政治中心和中央政府所在地。自安史之乱后,因战乱持续而残破不堪,李庾《东都赋》描写安史军队“杀人如刈,焚庐若薙”;洛阳“世治则都,世乱则墟;时清则优偃,政弊则戚居”,故五代之中只有后唐定都洛阳,其他四朝乃至北宋以后的各个皇朝均不再定都于长安或者洛阳。
经济方面,华北,关中一带的经济因此而残破[8]【《旧唐书·郭子仪传》记载:“宫室焚烧,十不存一,百曹荒废,曾无尺椽。中间畿内,不满千户,井邑楱荆,豺狼所号。既乏军储,又鲜人力。东至郑、汴,达于徐方,北自覃、怀经于相土,为人烟断绝,千里萧条”】,经济重心再度南移,南方取代北方的经济地位。
安史之乱主要蹂躏唐朝人口稠密和经济发达的地区,北方人民多流徙,北方的经济大受破坏;相反,江南一带并未如北方般受到战乱的摧残,使南方得以保全。而且大量中原人民南迁,为南方带来劳动力,使江南的经济则日益发达,最终其经济规模凌驾于中原之上。
唐室为了平乱而向外族回纥、大食借兵,回纥自恃平乱有功,也屡屡向唐室勒索威逼财帛,连年的侵扰边境,唐朝声威至此沦落,天可汗制度无法维持。
原本隶属于唐朝的西域地区更是在之后三十五年时间内陆续被吐蕃和回纥所完全占领,结果导致陆上丝路逐渐断绝,而南方的海上丝路则逐渐取代。
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结果一)政治方面:
1.藩镇割据 —— 安史余党,讨贼有功之将领等,唐室各授以镇帅,各拥兵割地。唐室不能制,形成日后藩镇割据之祸。
2.边患严重 —— 安史叛时,朝廷抽调西北兵平乱,於是边州无备。吐蕃乘虚而略取河西,陇右之地,威胁西京;又联合南诏,诠窥西南。东北之契丹又乘虚进入塞内,至令唐室有后顾之忧,终至一蹶不振。
3.宦官擅政 —— 宦官乘安史之乱,得以掌握禁军,左右朝政,又与大臣互相勾结,排斥异己,终酿成宦官之祸及朋党之争。
二)经济方面:
1.物资短缺 —— 安史之乱,地方残破,物资短缺,造成物价飞涨现象,例如米价比开元时高涨三百多倍,斗米万钱。且回纥恃助唐平乱有功,缴索岁帛二万匹,由是中央经济日渐枯竭。
2.增加税收 —— 安史之乱,人民流散,户籍散佚不少,使「租庸调制」遭受严重破坏,国库岁入大减,因而另立名目,徵收其他税项,以资弥补,致影响民生。
三)社会方面
1.北方人口锐减 —— 安史之乱,祸延今之河北、河南、山西、陕西、山东、安徽各省叛军所过,人民不死於兵祸,则流亡他地,数百里内无人烟,出现土地荒芜,人口锐减的现象。
2.政治、经济、
文化重心南移 —— 黄河流域,经九年战争,社会战火摧残,破坏不已,使中国社会的政治、经济、文化重心,加速向南迁移。
总括而言,自安史之乱以后,唐代由盛转衰,可说是中国 历史上盛衰的分界线。 及至宋元明清等代,亦未能使国势超越閞元之盛世,故安史对中国的破坏力很强,对中国的影响甚大。
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