定语从句中什么时候用where什么时候用which

也就是什么时候用关系副词或关系代词

2025-02-13 10:30:20

推荐回答（5个）

回答1：

一、考查关系词的指代及其在从句中所作的语法成分

定语从句要由关系词来引导,关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有:who, whose, whom, that, which 等;关系副词有:when,where,why等。除that只引导限定性定语从句外,其余的关系词既可以引导限定性定语从句,也可以引导非限定性定语从句。

要点提示:要正确使用关系词,就须将两个方面结合起来考虑:一方面是看看关系词所指代的先行词的类属;另一方面是准确分析关系词在定语从句中所作的句子成分。若指人,作主语用who,作宾语用whom(可以省略),作定语用whose(还可指物);若指物且作主语或宾语,则用which(在非限定性定语从句中,也可指代一个情形,即主句全部内容。无论作主语还是作宾语,均不可省略)或that(还能指人,作宾语时,可以省略);作状语指时间用when,指地点用where,指原因用why等。

考题:

1.His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone _______ family was poor. (MET'88)

A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose

2.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _______ of course, made the others unhappy. (NMET2000)

A.who B.which C.this D.what

3.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _______ he grew up as a child. (NMET'96)

A.which B.where C.that D.when

4.Carol said the work would be done by October, _______ personally I doubt very much.(NMET'99)

A.it B.that C.when D.which

5.I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together. (NMET'95短文改错)

答案及简析:

1.答案为D。此处关系词指代的是anyone,而且作从句中的定语。

2.答案为B。该题旨在考查非限定性定语从句的引导词,只能在A,B之间选择,可是这里并未指人,而是指主句所谈情况,为此,只能选B。

3.答案为B。关系词指代地点the small town,同时在定语从句中充当状语。

4.答案为D。不可认为指代时间by October而误选C。其实,稍加分析就可清楚关系词指代的是主句全部内容且作doubt的宾语而非状语。

5.此题先行词是表时间的名词evenings,但在从句中用作spent的宾语而不是状语,故须将when改为that/which或去掉when。

二、考查关系词的搭配方式

关系词的搭配方式主要是指as及作提前介词宾语的which和whom的搭配方式。

(一)as的搭配方式

要点提示:1. 在限定性定语从句中,常见的搭配方式有:the same...as,as...as,not so / as...as, such...as 等。

2.在非限定性定语从句中,常见的搭配方式有:as we all know(=as is known to us all),as is said(reported,mentioned,etc.)above,as it is等,可置于句首、句中或句末。

考题:

_______ is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.(NMET2001)

A. It B. As C. That D. What

答案与简析:答案为B.显而易见,为一固定搭配方式.As引导的是非限定性定语从句。

(二)which和whom的搭配方式

要点提示:1.多用于限定性定语从句中,作提前介词的宾语,即介词+which/whom.介词的使用要依据定语从句中动词短语的构成方式而定。

2.在作从句主语时,往往套用:名词(代词、数词等)+of+which/whom.多见于非限定性定语从句中。

考题:

1.In the dark street,there wasn't a single person _______ she could turn for help. (NMET'92)

A.to whom B.who C.from whom D.that

2.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows,most of _______ hadn't been cleaned for at least a year. (MET'90)

A.these B.those C.that D.which

3.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ______ was very reasonable. (2000上海)

A.which price

B.the price of which

C.its price

D.the price of whose

答案与简析:

1.答案为A。turn to sb. for help 是一固定搭配方式。

2.答案为D。which指代ten windows且作of的宾语,that不能用在非限定性定语从句中,也不能与介词一起提前作宾语。

3.答案为B。which指代the ancient Chinese vase,与the price构成所属关系。

三、考查使用that的情况及关系词的省略现象

(一)只能使用that的情况

要点提示:

1.由不定代词anything,nothing,everything,all, one, little,few,much等充当先行词时;

2. 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;

3.当先行词被no,the same,the very, the only等修饰时;

4. 当先行词既指人又指物时;

5. 主句是以who开头的疑问句时.

考题:

All _______ is needed is a supply of oil. (MET'89)

A.the thing B.that C.what D.which

答案与简析:答案为B,因为先行词是由不定代词all充当的。

(二)关系词的省略现象

要点提示:除作宾语的关系代词whom,which,that可以省略外,先行词为way,time等时,可将that省略,其中way还可以由in which来引导。

考题:

I don't like______you speak to her.(1993上海)

A.the way

B.the way in that

C.the way which

D.the way of which

答案与简析:答案为A.根据句意:我并不喜欢你对她讲话的方式,理应选the way,其后省去了关系代词that。

回答2：

在定语从句中记住
which
能做主语和宾语，而where
不能做主语和宾语就可以了。
比如
1
I
will
never
forget
the
park
_________
we
play
basketball
together.
2
I
will
never
forget
the
park
_________
is
beautiful
.
在句1
的定语从句
we
play
basketball
together
有主语we
和宾语
basketball
也就是不缺主语和谓语，所以不能用which
而要用where
.
where
=
in
the
park
.表示的是一个地点。而句2定语从句
is
beautiful
很显然缺主语，所以要用which
,which
=
park
.表示一个物
。
例题
1
That
is
the
most
beautiful
place
________
I
have
lived
2
That
is
the
most
beautiful
place
________I
have
been
to
.
答案
1
where
等于
in
the
place
2
which
to
介词
需要宾语
所以选
which

回答3：

当从句缺少主语表语宾语的时候用关系代词that 或which，关系词前面如有介词用which，若先行词被the修饰则用that
当从句从缺少状语或表语的时候用关系副词，但是介词介词加上which=关系副词，如in which=where。for which=why

回答4：

which是关系代词，通常在限定性定语从句中充当主语、表语或是宾语。
where是关系副词在修饰地点时才用。在从句中充当地点状语。
第一，先找出定语从句，用括号括起来．
第二，看看括号里的句子缺不缺主语和宾语，缺的话就用which,
不缺就用where.

回答5：

当从句主谓宾成分完整时用where，不完整则用which, that.

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