我两个大腿骨折了。现在好了5月11号取出的钢板。要等多长时间在能下地走呢!是不是不能下地也要锻炼啊
推荐回答(2个)
复位、固定、功能锻炼,是骨折治疗的三大原则。三者相辅相成,缺一不可。复位和固定为骨折的愈合创造了前提和基础,但最终的治疗效果却取决于患者自身的功能锻炼。否则,即使骨折能够愈合,患者得到的也只能是失去功能的肢体。下面我们就选取几种最常见的骨折,教给大家一些骨折后康复锻炼的方法。
锁骨骨折
愈合期这一时期是指骨折经骨科处理后,到愈合前(拆除固定物前)的时期。此时活动较少,首先要保持科学的姿势,要求睡眠时在木板床上仰卧,两肩之间垫高,保持中间高、两肩低的“肩外展后伸位”。此外,要多做深呼吸,多活动躯干和下肢,并勤做握拳、伸指、分开手指、腕部屈伸、肘部屈伸等主动练习,幅度尽量大,逐步增加用力程度。
到了第二周,就可以增加捏小球,对抗阻力屈伸腕部等运动。到第三周,还可以增加仰卧位,头与双肘做支撑的挺胸练习。
恢复期外固定物去除后即进入此期。拆除固定物后的头两天,可将患肢用颈腕悬吊带挂在胸前,除继续上述练习外,还可增加站立位向患肢侧屈,做肩部的前后摆动,努力增加摆动幅度。第三至第四天,开始做肩关节各方向的主动运动。
股骨颈骨折
股骨颈骨折是老年骨折的常见类型,治疗上常采取手术治疗。很多患者因经济原因,住院时间相对短暂,在家的康复锻炼就显得尤为重要。
出院后8周内,可做:①双侧大腿肌肉的舒缩运动(有意识地收缩、放松肌肉),15~20次为一组。②屈伸、旋转双侧踝关节,10次为一组。③抬高臀部运动。利用床上吊环,屈曲健膝关节,用健足蹬床,保持患肢在牵引下抬高臀部,5次为一组。抬高时要求保持整个臀部平衡,不能倾斜,抬离床面15~30度。
出院4周后,根据患者功能恢复情况,可扶双拐下地练习行走。上楼时健肢先上,拐随其后;下楼时拐先下,患肢随后,健肢最后。术后8周至3个月,重点训练髋关节伸展、直腿抬高(平卧,下肢伸直抬高)和单腿站立平衡练习。每日10~15次,每次1~2分钟。
手术3个月以后,如无疼痛、跛行,可弃拐行走(但应避免外出或长距离行走),并可从事日常较轻的家务劳动。为防止关节脱位,应做到“三不”、“五避免”:不可过度负重,不做盘腿动作,不坐矮凳子;避免重体力活动和奔跑,避免在髋关节内收、内旋位时突然站起,避免在双膝并拢、双足分开时身体向患侧倾斜去取东西、接电话等,6~8周内避免性生活,避免在不平整或很光滑的路面上行走。
腰椎压缩性骨折
腰椎压缩性骨折是老年人最常患的脊柱损伤之一,由于骨折多数比较稳定,可用保守治疗。康复锻炼在伤后1~2天即可进行。这里向大家介绍一种简便易行的“五点支撑法”。
具体做法是:取仰卧位,用头、双肘和双足撑起身体,腰部向上挺,尽力腾空后伸;患者也可取俯卧位,上肢伸直后伸、头胸后仰、挺腹,或下肢伸直后伸,体质好的患者也可上、下肢同时后伸,呈一弧形。
在进行腰部锻炼的同时,患者应注意四肢各关节的活动,以预防肢体肌肉废用性萎缩、关节挛缩和骨骼脱钙。在伤后3个月内,要避免脊柱前屈,不宜过早直立负重,以免加重骨折椎体的变形。
伤后3个月进入恢复期。患者应继续加强腰背肌力练习,同时做脊柱的柔韧性和灵活性锻炼。比如,可骑坐在体操凳上将脊柱向各方向弯曲,适当配合腹肌训练(如仰卧起坐)。
循序渐进的行下肢负重锻炼,如先用脚蹬床下栏,注意要垂直用力,逐渐扶拐下地站立,勿行走,站立后再行走,量不宜过大,因为骨折内固定物取出后,骨头上因内固定至其上有多个螺钉取出后的钻孔。在钻孔未长弄之间如果用了不当就可能导致再骨折。非负重锻炼:下肢各肌肉行等长肌肉收缩锻炼,即:把患肢各肌肉绷紧,坚持到感觉酸软即慢慢放松,如此反复锻炼。亦可轻微按摩,拿捏肌肉,防止其废用性萎缩。
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