中国古代的左右尊卑是怎么发展的?
中国古代的左右尊卑是怎么发展的?
推荐回答(5个)
左右尊卑在不同时期有不同的解释,诸多学者根据相关文献资料,对此进行了深入的研究考证和论述。特别是20世纪80年代以后,左右尊卑之争更成了学术界的一个热点问题。下面我来针对于不同的情况举不同的几个事例
左尊右卑:《左传》桓公八年:“季梁曰:‘楚人上左,君必左,无与王遇,且攻其右,右无良焉,必败。’”楚国以左为尊,左军的势力比右军的势力大,因而季梁建议进攻力量薄弱的右军。
朱元璋在建立明朝后,以左为尊。《明史》:“甲辰正月,初置左、右相国,以李善长为右相国,徐达为左相国。吴元年(1367)命百官礼仪俱尚左,改右相国为左相国,左相国为右相国。”
清钱大昕《十驾斋养新录・左右》:“唐宋左右仆射、左右丞相、左右丞,皆以左为上……明六部左右侍郎、左右御史、左右给事中、左右布政使,仍以左为上。
由此可见,春秋、唐、宋、明、清等朝代尊左。

右尊左卑:《史记・陈涉世家》:“二世元年七月,发闾左谪适戍渔阳九百人,屯大泽乡。”古时二十五户为一闾,贫者居住闾左,富者居于闾右。
《汉书・百官公卿表》:“十左庶长,十一右庶长,十二左更,十三中更,十四右更……皆秦制,以赏功劳。”意思是爵位共二十级,第一级最低,第二十级最高,左庶长是第十级,右庶长是第十一级,左更是第十二级,右更是第十四级,由此可见,秦右尊于左,汉承前尚右。
《史记・项羽本纪》描述了鸿门宴的座次:“项王、项伯东向坐,亚父南向坐……沛公北向坐,张良西向侍。”项羽最尊,项伯是项羽的叔父,二人坐西向东;范增是项羽的谋士,地位仅次于项羽,坐北向南;刘邦更次之,坐南向北;张良最次,坐西向东侍。
由此可见,殷商、战国、秦、汉、元等代尊右

左右无尊卑:例如左史和右史,这都是是古代的史官名,只是分管的方面不同而已。
在《礼记・玉藻》记载:“动则左史书之,言则右史书之。”
在《汉书・艺文志》记载“古之王者,世有史官,君举必书,所以昭法式也。左史记言,右史记事,事为《春秋》,言为《尚书》,帝王靡不同之。”
由此可见,左右无尊卑的时候也是存在的

左与右,其实只是不同的2个方位,跟尊卑联系在一起,不过是人为赋予的含义。罗素曾说“参差多态乃是幸福之本源”。古往今来,由东到西,不同时代不同地点,左右的尊卑随之变化而变化,只要人们正确看待左右尊卑,这也不过是参差多态的一个符号和色彩。
按时间来排序的话:夏、商,周以左为尊。春秋战国,汉朝魏晋以右为尊。唐宋明清尊左,元代尊右。证明的典故有:《逸周书.武顺》:“天道尚左,日月西移。”唐李白有《闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄》诗。按,唐代字位应以左为尊,此题中“左迁”指贬谪,乃用汉代习惯语,是以右为尊。宋戴埴《鼠璞》:“汉以右为尊。谓贬秩为左迁,仕诸侯为左官,居高位为右职。唐李白有《闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄》诗。按,唐代字位应以左为尊,此题中“左迁”指贬谪,乃用汉代习惯语,是以右为尊。
周、秦、汉时,是“以右为尊”的,故皇亲贵族称为「右」戚,世家大族称「右族」或「右姓」。右尊左卑表现在建筑住宅上,豪门世家必居市区之右,平民百姓则居市区之左。有一句成语“无出其右”
从东汉至隋唐、两宋,逐渐形成了“左尊右卑”的制度,元朝又规定“以右为尊”,到了明清复改“以左为尊”。在交际场合,其座次以左为尊。因为古人坐北朝南,则左为东,右为西,故座次上以「左」为尊。
按照朝代来排:夏、商、周是大致是以“左”为尊的;春秋战国,秦汉及魏晋时期,以“右”为尊;唐宋时期,又逐渐改变为以“左”;元朝时期,以“右”为尊;明清时期。以“左”为尊。
在每个朝代其实左右尊卑都略有不同。明清为左,元为右,唐宋为左,三国为左,秦汉为右,追溯到更早,夏商周是为右的
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