高尔基英文简介

1、英文

Maxim Gorky (1868-1936), the founder of Soviet literature. Gorky, formerly Alexei Maximovich Bishkov, was born in a carpenter's home on the Volga River. 

His young parents died and lived in his grandfather's home in a small dyeing shop.

Later, when his grandfather went bankrupt, 10-year-old Alexeir was a social vagrant, working as a variety of odd jobs. 

Although he only attended elementary school for two years, he persisted in self-study and read many books.

In addition, he himself had extensive contact with social life, accumulated rich material, and finally made him a world-renowned great writer.

His representative works include "Haiyan", "Mother", "Childhood", "In the World", "My University" and so on.

2、中文

马克西姆·高尔基（1868-1936），苏联文学的奠基人。高尔基原名阿列克谢·马克西莫维奇·彼什科夫，出生于伏尔加河畔的一个木匠家中，幼年父母双亡，寄居在开小染坊的外祖父家里。

后来外祖父破产，十岁的阿列克谢就在社会上流浪，当过各种杂工。虽然他只上过两年小学，却一直坚持勤奋自学，读了许多书。

加上他本人曾广泛地接触过社会生活，积累了丰富的素材，终于使他成为世界知名的大作家。

代表作品有《海燕》、《母亲》、《童年》、《在人间》、《我的大学》等。

扩展资料：

高尔基早期创作的现实主义作品多取材于他的底层生活的见闻和感受，其中最有代表性的是流浪汉题材的小说《切尔卡什》。

描写了老流浪汉切尔卡什勇敢、独立不羁、不屈从于金钱和保持人的尊严的高贵品质，说明尽管这些人的精神包袱还很沉重，但比起自私、庸俗的小私有者却高尚得多。

在艺术上，《切尔卡什》充分显示了高尔基早期现实主义作品刻画复杂性格的卓越技巧。这些作品除强烈地控诉了资本主义社会的罪恶外，还力图揭示流浪汉内心深处的痛苦和新旧意识的斗争，捕捉劳动群众生活的时代特征，其目的仍然是要唤起人们对生活的积极态度。

高尔基的文学创作起步于浪漫主义。高尔基一生都在探索个人和历史的关系，寻找合理的社会生活，其作品中的主人公也往往充满激烈的内心冲突，并积极投身革命活动，探求改造现实的途径。

高尔基曾不止一次地遭到沙皇政府的逮捕、监督和放逐，但他依旧始终如一地进行自己的革命和文学活动。

参考资料来源：百度百科——玛克西姆·高尔基

　　(1868~1936) of the former Soviet Union proletarian writer, the founder of socialist realism literature. He was poor, his father died young, 11-year-old is living in the community about when loader, bakeries workers, slum and terminals has become his "community" university classroom. He and working people shared their fate, and personal experience of capitalist exploitation and oppression. This thinking and creative development of his influential.
　　Gorky assiduous self-study and cultural knowledge, and to actively join the revolution, exploring ways to transform the reality of 1892 released maiden work "news Chu Chandra," boarded literary circles, and his early works, a complex on the two styles of realism and romanticism, which he formed before the proletarian world outlook necessarily experienced stage. Romanticism works such as "news Chu Chandra", "Iraq is Gill old" (1895), "Eagle Song" (1895), praising the love of freedom, for the bright and heroic achievements strong personality, and demonstrated the passion for fighting; Realism works such as "Qierqiashen", "having people", "Kenuo CERD", depicting the life and the suffering of the people of noble character who express their indignation and protest. This Most of the leading character of these works is to seek out new life and thinking about the meaning of life and full of intense inner conflict figures. In 1901 he created the famous Sanwenshi "Swallow Song," a symbol of danger revolutionaries give shape wind strike wave of courage Swallow to the image of revolutionary turmoil upcoming notice, and encourage people to the great fighting is a proletarian r The official denunciation of the enemy's fighting with carol by Lenin warm praise.
　　In 1901 he created the famous Sanwenshi "Swallow Song," a symbol of danger revolutionaries give shape wind strike wave of courage Swallow to the image of revolutionary turmoil upcoming notice, and encourage people to the great fighting is a proletarian r The official denunciation of the enemy's fighting with carol by Lenin warm praise. On the eve of the revolution in 1905, Gorky creative to the drama, 1901~1905 years, he has written the "ordinary people", The "bottom", "summer visitors", "sun children," and (barbarians "and other scripts. Especially the "public" and "end - "demonstrates real life workers with the new image of the new mental outlook, demonstrated their determination to fight for their rights And optimism, their staged in the Russian composers, raises sensational.
　　Gorky from 1906 novel "Mother" and the script "enemy" two most important works -- marks its Chong Reached a new peak. "mother" mold first in the history of the world literature consciously proletarian struggle for socialism Revolutionary hero image, socialist realism is the foundation for literature. Lenin affirmed its relevance. 1905 revolution failed, the United States and Italy Gorky wrote a series of political comment articles from the Western capitalist system Degrees and are in ideology, the various literary reactionary ideologies. 1908 creation novella "repent" revealed idealist God creates, the theory of thinking, serious criticism by Lenin, and the enthusiasm to help him. Nevertheless, the dominant Gorky Tendency remains positive, which is filled with a revolutionary fighting spirit. Creation of new methods of proletarian literature from the theoretical into the OK explore the many proposed combination of realism and romanticism perspective. In between his two creative revolution has yielded fruitful results. Such as "Ms. Love town" (1909), "summer (1909)," Liu Jin Wu Ke hot life "(1910~ 1911), "Italian Tales" (1911~1913), "Russia's" (1912~1917), and later completed The administration of the former two bodies novel trilogy "childhood" and "human" (1913~1916).
　　October Revolution after 10 years, because of poor health Gorky, Lenin and some only write on the unique artistic style writer Georgia and the value of important documents and memoirs of a self body of the final trilogy "My University" (1922~1923), "a Orta Rakhmonov's cause "(1924~1925) several films. 1921, he followed Lenin advice abroad to rest and recuperate. After returning in 1931 from 1925 onwards to create interesting Haofan so long discussions with the epic "Mr. Sum The life, "This is a unfinished works. He died in 1936 before he also wrote the "Soviet travel notes" (1929) "English - Story, "and number of peoples playwriting" Yegeer Buleiqiaofu and others "(1932)," Tuosixie Presse, and others "(1933), "Wasa Japan emergence Javier Nova" (1935), as well as a large number of literary and art theory, literary criticism and political comment article on the Marx Of artistic theory and socialist cultural undertakings made a significant contribution.
　　Gorky is not only a great writer, but also an outstanding community activist. He had set up the Soviet Writers Association, And presided over a congress of the Soviet Union the first writer, a literary newcomers to participate actively in the defence of the cause of world peace. Gorky's works since 1907 began introducing to China. His outstanding literary works and books bands in the world-off Class common wealth.

　　(长了一些,如果觉得太长,再删吧!!)

我找来中文版:
（1868～1936）前苏联无产阶级作家，社会主义现实主义文学的奠基人。他出身贫苦，幼年丧父，11岁即为生计在社会上奔波，当装卸工、面包房工人，贫民窟和码头成了他的“社会”大学的课堂。他与劳动人民同呼吸共命运，亲身经历了资本主义残酷的剥削与压迫。这对他的思想和创作发展具有重要影响。
高尔基刻苦自学文化知识，并积极投身革命活动，探求改造现实的途径1892年发表处女作《马卡尔·楚德拉》，登上文坛，他的早期作品，杂存着现实主义与浪漫主义两种风格，这是他无产阶级世界观形成前必然经历的阶段。浪漫主义作品如《马卡尔·楚德拉》、《伊则吉尔老婆子》（1895）、《鹰之歌》（1895）等，赞美了热爱自由、向往光明与英雄业绩的坚强个性，表现了渴望战斗的激情；现实主义作品如《契尔卡什》、《沦落的人们》、《柯诺瓦洛夫》等，描写了人民的苦难生活及他们的崇高品德，表达了他们的激愤与抗争。这
些作品的主人公大多是努力探求新的生活道路、思考生活的意义并充满激烈内心冲突的人物。
1901年他创作了著名的散文诗《海燕之歌》，塑造了象征大智大勇革命者搏风击浪的勇
敢的海燕形象，预告革命风暴即将到来，鼓舞人们去迎接伟大的战斗，这是一篇无产阶级革
命战斗的檄文与颂歌，受到列宁的热情称赞。
1905年革命前夕，高尔基的创作转向了戏剧，1901～1905年，他先后写出了《小市民》、
《底层》、《避暑客》、《太阳的孩子们》和（野蛮人》等剧本。特别是《小市民》、《底
层》展现了现实生活中工人的新形象与新的精神面貌，表现了他们为自己权利而斗争的决心
与乐观情绪，它们的上演，在当时俄国的剧坛上引起了轰动。
1906年高尔基写成长篇小说《母亲》和剧本《敌人》两部最重要的作品——标志着其创
作达到了新的高峰。《母亲》塑造了世界文学史上第一批自觉为社会主义而斗争的无产阶级
革命者的英雄形象，是社会主义现实主义文学的奠基作。列宁肯定了它的现实意义。
1905年革命失败后，高尔基赴美国及意大利写了一系列政论文章，抨击西方资本主义制
度和充斥于思想、文学界的形形色色反动思潮。1908年创作的中篇小说《忏悔》流露出唯心
主义的造神论思想，受到列宁的严肃批评，并得到他的热情帮助。尽管如此，高尔基的主导
倾向仍然是积极的，富于革命的战斗精神。对新的无产阶级文学创作方法的特征从理论上进
行了许多探索，提出现实主义与浪漫主义相结合的观点。他在两次革命之间的创作成果颇丰，
如《奥古洛夫镇》（1909）、《夏天（1909）、《马特维·柯热米亚金的一生》（1910～
1911）、《意大利童话》（1911～1913）、《俄罗斯童话》（1912～1917），以及稍后完成
的自传体长篇小说三部曲的前两部《童年》和《人间》（1913～1916）。
十月革命之后的十年间，高尔基因健康欠佳，仅写了关于列宁及一些作家的独具艺术风
格与重要文献价值的回忆录及自传体三部曲的最后一部《我的大学》（1922～1923）、《阿
尔塔莫诺夫家的事业》（1924～1925）等几部作品。1921年，他遵照列宁忠告，到国外养病。
1931年回国之后，从1925年起着手创作卷帙浩繁的具有史诗气魄的长篇巨著《克里姆·萨姆
金的一生》，这是一部未完成的作品。到1936年他去世前还写了《苏联游记》（1929）《英
雄的故事》和多部剧作《耶戈尔·布雷乔夫等人》（1932）、《托斯契加耶夫等人》(1933)、
《瓦萨·日烈兹诺娃》（1935），以及大量的文艺理论、文学批评和政论文章，对马克思主
义文艺理论和社会主义文化事业做出了重大贡献。
高尔基不仅是伟大的文学家，而且也是杰出的社会活动家。他组织成立了苏联作家协会，
并主持召开了全苏第一次作家代表大会，培养文学新人，积极参加保卫世界和平的事业。
高尔基的作品自1907年就开始介绍到中国。他的优秀文学作品和论著成为全世界无产阶
级的共同财富。

(1868~1936) of the former Soviet Union proletarian writer, the founder of socialist realism literature. He was poor, his father died young, 11-year-old is living in the community about when loader, bakeries workers, slum and terminals has become his "community" university classroom. He and working people shared their fate, and personal experience of capitalist exploitation and oppression. This thinking and creative development of his influential.
Gorky assiduous self-study and cultural knowledge, and to actively join the revolution, exploring ways to transform the reality of 1892 released maiden work "news Chu Chandra," boarded literary circles, and his early works, a complex on the two styles of realism and romanticism, which he formed before the proletarian world outlook necessarily experienced stage. Romanticism works such as "news Chu Chandra", "Iraq is Gill old" (1895), "Eagle Song" (1895), praising the love of freedom, for the bright and heroic achievements strong personality, and demonstrated the passion for fighting; Realism works such as "Qierqiashen", "having people", "Kenuo CERD", depicting the life and the suffering of the people of noble character who express their indignation and protest. This Most of the leading character of these works is to seek out new life and thinking about the meaning of life and full of intense inner conflict figures. In 1901 he created the famous Sanwenshi "Swallow Song," a symbol of danger revolutionaries give shape wind strike wave of courage Swallow to the image of revolutionary turmoil upcoming notice, and encourage people to the great fighting is a proletarian r The official denunciation of the enemy's fighting with carol by Lenin warm praise.
In 1901 he created the famous Sanwenshi "Swallow Song," a symbol of danger revolutionaries give shape wind strike wave of courage Swallow to the image of revolutionary turmoil upcoming notice, and encourage people to the great fighting is a proletarian r The official denunciation of the enemy's fighting with carol by Lenin warm praise. On the eve of the revolution in 1905, Gorky creative to the drama, 1901~1905 years, he has written the "ordinary people", The "bottom", "summer visitors", "sun children," and (barbarians "and other scripts. Especially the "public" and "end - "demonstrates real life workers with the new image of the new mental outlook, demonstrated their determination to fight for their rights And optimism, their staged in the Russian composers, raises sensational.
Gorky from 1906 novel "Mother" and the script "enemy" two most important works -- marks its Chong Reached a new peak. "mother" mold first in the history of the world literature consciously proletarian struggle for socialism Revolutionary hero image, socialist realism is the foundation for literature. Lenin affirmed its relevance. 1905 revolution failed, the United States and Italy Gorky wrote a series of political comment articles from the Western capitalist system Degrees and are in ideology, the various literary reactionary ideologies. 1908 creation novella "repent" revealed idealist God creates, the theory of thinking, serious criticism by Lenin, and the enthusiasm to help him. Nevertheless, the dominant Gorky Tendency remains positive, which is filled with a revolutionary fighting spirit. Creation of new methods of proletarian literature from the theoretical into the OK explore the many proposed combination of realism and romanticism perspective. In between his two creative revolution has yielded fruitful results. Such as "Ms. Love town" (1909), "summer (1909)," Liu Jin Wu Ke hot life "(1910~ 1911), "Italian Tales" (1911~1913), "Russia's" (1912~1917), and later completed The administration of the former two bodies novel trilogy "childhood" and "human" (1913~1916).
October Revolution after 10 years, because of poor health Gorky, Lenin and some only write on the unique artistic style writer Georgia and the value of important documents and memoirs of a self body of the final trilogy "My University" (1922~1923), "a Orta Rakhmonov's cause "(1924~1925) several films. 1921, he followed Lenin advice abroad to rest and recuperate. After returning in 1931 from 1925 onwards to create interesting Haofan so long discussions with the epic "Mr. Sum The life, "This is a unfinished works. He died in 1936 before he also wrote the "Soviet travel notes" (1929) "English - Story, "and number of peoples playwriting" Yegeer Buleiqiaofu and others "(1932)," Tuosixie Presse, and others "(1933), "Wasa Japan emergence Javier Nova" (1935), as well as a large number of literary and art theory, literary criticism and political comment article on the Marx Of artistic theory and socialist cultural undertakings made a significant contribution.
Gorky is not only a great writer, but also an outstanding community activist. He had set up the Soviet Writers Association, And presided over a congress of the Soviet Union the first writer, a literary newcomers to participate actively in the defence of the cause of world peace. Gorky's works since 1907 began introducing to China. His outstanding literary works and books bands in the world-off Class common wealth.

Writer's card——Gorky let the storm come more violently! Gorky in his prose poetry, prose poem "song of the petrel" Compare the revolution to a stormy petrel. In fact, Gorky is a brave person Haiyan, but also actively involved in the limitless pick-up Revolutionary struggle, and the creation of a large number of works such as rain mother, childhood, in the human world to match the revolution. He was also With the children created the "Italian fairy tale", are fairy tales and other works.