推荐回答(1个)
1、战国之前 这一阶段,骑步双方主要是骑兵冲锋,属于进攻方;步兵战车布阵,处于防御阶段。 如果重装甲的骑兵,冲破战车阵,则步兵一方基本被全歼;不过,中国北方的少数民族,除了后来的金装备了重装甲骑兵外,多数由于经济条件和生产力水平,没有装备重装甲。 如果是轻骑兵的骑兵,一般不容易冲破战车阵,步兵一方,也就是我方,也就维持住不被歼灭的态势;要达到这样的效果,我方的步兵几乎要是一流的步兵队伍;如果是较差的步兵,一般就会进入城池守城,根本不出来野战。 但是如果轻骑兵冲不破野战步兵的战车阵,而北走,我方也不会有很大的战果;因为这一阶段我方基本的战斗单位是一乘『战车』5人,外加步兵25人的组合,敌人骑兵撤走时,我方主力步兵由于跟不上战车的速度,力量减弱,所以追击一般25里左右,这就是“穷寇莫追”的由来。 2、汉代 由于汉前赵武灵王的改革,中国的骑兵战术得到巨大的发展,直接的后果就是:战车退出了战争舞台,而是双方骑兵的直接对抗。从李牧到卫霍,都是这一战术的直接反映。《汉武大帝》中,把这一科技成果说成是刘彻发明的,纯属瞎搞。 这一阶段的骑兵对战,基本是纯骑兵战,没有其他兵种的协战,所以战术比较单一:双方呈散兵线射击和冲锋,主要以马刀为武器,弓箭为辅:弓箭射击用于中远程射击,一般命中率较低,马刀主要是用于近战-砍脑袋。没有什么在马上还用长枪的,因为没有马镫,要用一只手抱住马脖子,一手拿刀砍。 主要战斗程序是:开战后,双方慢跑或者静止射击,当然主要是弓箭;活力侦察完后,就是骑兵冲锋,对砍。 此一阶段,在我国主流战争中,骑兵还不是主要兵种,主要用来冲击敌军两翼,扰乱、分割敌军,不是歼灭性的兵种。 至于汉武时的卫霍,是这一时期骑兵运用的最高水平,但仍然是步兵的协助或者是运输队,协助卫霍骑兵的,是十倍的步兵:由于匈奴的流动特性,骑兵的主要目的是接近敌方,利用汉军的突然袭击性和兵器的先进性,杀伤对方。事实上,匈奴也不是汉击败的,是从汉武直到东汉的和帝时,历时2、300年,给拖死的。但这和后来李世民、徐达以骑兵作为歼灭兵团,一战而击灭对手,不可同日而言。 这一阶段的骑兵对步兵,可以李陵作为例子。天汉2年还是3年,李陵作为贰师的副将出征,因不满看护辎重,竟要求以五千步卒深入匈奴【唉,李陵是初生牛犊不怕虎,和他爷爷一样冲;但刘彻作为战场的一代宗师,也太他妈儿戏了,一个他期望中的霍去病就这样完蛋了,都是他妈的后戚给惹的,远了】。李陵深入匈奴,被3万骑兵包围,李陵的战法是:以辎重车为背,盾兵列其前,长戟兵持其后,弓箭手次射之。前后射杀匈奴1万余,不计伤者。及后李陵败降,汉骑兵供应跟不上,基本以此战术对付匈奴骑兵,即“弓箭+戟+盾牌”,效果也还行。
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