推荐回答(6个)
显然x=N是一个解
考虑[1,N)时
设x是其中一个解,令[x]=m,p是x的小数部分,0<=p<1
则x=m+p
x-[x]=p
x^2=m^2+2mp+p^2
所以m^2+2mp+p^2-[m^2+2mp+p^2]=p^2
m^2是整数,所以[m^2+2mp+p^2]=m^2+[2mp+p^2]
所以2mp=[2mp+p^2]
显然只要2mp是整数,则x=m+p就是一个解
2mp是整数
因为0<=p<1
所以p=0,1/2m,2/2m,……,(2m-1)/2m都可以
一共2m个
而1<=x所以m可以取1,2,……,N-1,有N-1个
所以一共有2+4+……+2(N-1)=N(N-1)=N^2-N
再加上x=N
所以一共N^2-N+1个
这是一道非常有趣的数学题。换成文叙述是“一个数平方的小数部份等于这个数小数部份的平方。”
解:设x的整数部份为a,小数部分为b。
则原方程可化为:
(a+b)^2-[(a+b)^2]=((a+b)-[a+b])^2
既:a^2+2ab+b^2-[a^2+2ab+b^2]=b^2
得:a^2+2ab=[a^2+2ab+b^2]=a^2+[2ab+b^2]
2ab=[2ab+b^2]
显然:2ab必须是整数。设2ab=n,b=n/2a,则n为小于2a的一个整数。
所以:x共有2a个解。这时b=0/2a,1/2a,2/2a,┅(2a-1)/2a
(实例:a=4,则x=4,4.125,4.25,4.375,4.5,4.625,4.75,4.875共八个解。)
在区间[1,N]有2+4+8+┅+2(N-1)+1=N^2-N+1个解。
给个分析如下,分区间得到[1,2),[2,3),.....[N-1,N),N.显然的正整数解有N个,考虑非正整数解,设区间[k,k+1)且1≤k≤N-1,非正整数解设为k+r,0<r<1, 代入方程有(k+r)^2-[(k+r)^2]=r^2,k^2+2kr=[k^2+2kr+r^2],k^2+2kr是整数是显然的,令k^2+2kr=c.c取k+1,k+2,.....k^2+2k-1,取r=(c-k^2)/2k,(c-k^2)/2k小于0是一定的,结合r的范围可知是确定的,这样与r对应的C可以取k+1,k+2,.....k^2+2k-1,一共是k^2+k-1个数,于是所有的非正整数解的个数是1^2+1-1+2^2+2-2+....+(N-1)^2+(N-1)-1=(1/6)(N-1)*N*(2N-1)+{N*(N-1)/2}-(N-1),总解的个数为N+(1/6)(N-1)*N*(2N-1)+{N*(N-1)/2}-(N-1),化简一下就行了
貌似楼主给出的方程式写法有点问题
应该是x^2-[x]^2=(x-[x])^2
解:[x]表示不超过x的最大整数
即[x]≤x 且[x]为整数
[x]≤x即x-[x]≥0
令x-[x]=m则x=[x]+m m≥0
原方程式变为
([x]+m)^2-[x]^2=m^2
简化为2m[x]=0
当m=0时[x]有无数个解
x=[x]+m=[x]+0=[x]有无数个解.
x在区间[1,N]的范围内也有无数个解
1≤x≤N
当m>0时方程两边同时除以2m
得出[x]=0
则x=[x]+m=0+m=m>0
即x>0
在区间[1,N]内x也有无数个解
1≤x≤N
设x=[x]+(x),0<=(x)<1. 1<=[x]<=x<=N.
x^2={[x]+(x)}^2 = [x]^2 + 2[x](x) +(x)^2,
[x^2]=[x]^2 + [2[x](x)+(x)^2]
{x-[x]}^2 = (x)^2,
(x)^2={x-[x]}^2=x^2-[x^2]=[x]^2 + 2[x](x) +(x)^2 - [x]^2 - 2[2[x](x)+(x)^2],
[2[x](x) + (x)^2] = [x](x),
等号的左边是整数,因此,等号的右边,[x](x)也必须是整数。
因1<=[x],0<=(x),
因此,[x](x)必须是非负整数。
所以,2[x](x)是非负整数。而0<=(x)^2<=(x)<1.
因此
[x](x)=[2[x](x) + (x)^2] = 2[x](x),
0 = [x](x),
0 = (x).
所以,
x^2-[x^2]=(x-[x])^2在区间[1,N]上的解只能是x是[1,N]上的整数。
也就是说,x^2-[x^2]=(x-[x])^2在区间[1,N]上有N个解,x=1,2,...,N.
对任意0如果限制在整数范围,求满足方程的整数解,则显然1,2,...,n,n^2≤N是它的解,此时x^2-[x^2]=0=x-[x])^2.
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