语文翻译

2025-01-24 15:17:28
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

1.《优孟》 司马迁
优孟原先是楚国的歌舞艺人。身高八尺,富有辩才,常常用谈笑方式婉转进行规劝。
优孟,故楚之乐人也。长八尺,多辩,常以谈笑讽谏。

楚庄王的时候,他有一匹被喜爱的马,给它穿上华美锦绣做的衣服,把它安置在雕梁画栋的房子里,用没有帷帐的床给它做卧席,用蜜饯的枣干喂养它。马因得了肥胖病死了,要臣子们给马治丧,想用棺椁盛殓,依照安葬大夫的礼仪安葬它。周围近臣劝止他,以为不能这样做。庄王下令说:“有谁敢于因葬马的事谏诤,就杀死他。”
楚庄王之时,有所爱马,衣以文绣,置之华屋之下,席以露黙,啖以枣脯。马病肥死,使髃臣丧之,欲以棺椁大夫礼葬之。左右争之,以为不可。王下令曰:“有敢以马谏者,罪至死。”

优孟听到这件事,走进殿门?仰天放声大哭。庄王很吃惊,问他哭的原因。优孟说:“马是大王所珍爱的,凭力量巨大的楚国,有什么得不到的,却按照大夫的礼仪安葬它,太微薄了,请用安葬君主的礼仪安葬它。”庄王说:“为什么?”优孟回答说:“我请求用雕刻花纹的美玉做内棺,有花纹的梓木做外椁,楩、枫、豫、樟各色上等木材做护棺的题凑,发动战士给它挖掘墓穴,以至年迈体弱的人背土筑坟,齐国、赵国的代表在前头陪祭,韩国、魏国的代表在后面守卫,盖一座庙宇用牛羊猪祭祀,拨个万户的大县供奉。各国听到这件事,都知道大王轻视人而重视马呢。”
优孟闻之,入殿门。仰天大哭。王惊而问其故。优孟曰:“马者王之所爱也,以楚国堂堂之大,何求不得,而以大夫礼葬之,薄。请以人君礼葬之。”王曰:“何如?”对曰:“臣请以雕玉为棺,文梓为旘,楩、枫、豫章为题凑,发甲卒为穿圹,老弱负土,齐、赵陪位于前,韩、魏翼韂其后,庙食太牢,奉以万户之邑。诸侯闻之,皆知大王贱人而贵马也。”

庄王说:“我的过失竟然到了这个地步吗!这该怎么办呢?”优孟说:“让我替大王用对待六畜的办法来安葬它。筑个土灶做外椁,用口铜鬲当棺材,用姜枣来调味,用木兰来解腥,用稻米作祭品,用火光作衣裳,把它安葬在人们的胃肠里。”当时庄王就派人把死马交给主管宫中膳食的太官,别让天下人长久传布这件事。
王曰:“寡人之过一至此乎!为之柰何?”优孟曰:“请为大王六畜葬之。以垅灶为椁,铜历为棺,赍以姜枣,荐以木兰,祭以粮稻,衣以火光,葬之于人腹肠。”于是王乃使以马属太官,无令天下久闻也。

楚国相国孙叔敖知道优孟是个贤人,待他很好。孙叔敖病危将死,嘱咐他的儿子道:“我死后,你一定会穷困。到那时,你去拜见优孟,说你是孙叔敖的儿子。”过了几年,他的儿子穷困到背柴出卖,路上遇到优孟,对优孟说:“我是孙叔敖的儿子。父亲弥留之际,嘱咐我贫困了就去找优孟。”优孟说;“你不要远往他处。”
楚相孙叔敖知其贤人也,善待之。病且死,属其子曰:“我死,汝必贫困。若往见优孟,言我孙叔敖之子也。”居数年,其子穷困负薪,逢优孟,与言曰:“我,孙叔敖子也。父且死时,属我贫困往见优孟。”优孟曰:“若无远有所之。”

优孟回到家里,就缝制了孙叔敖的衣服和帽子穿戴起来,模仿孙叔敖的行止举动、音容笑貌。过了一年多,模仿得活像孙叔敖,连楚庄王和亲近大臣都分别不出来。楚庄王举行酒宴,优孟上前为庄王敬酒祝福,楚庄王大惊,以为是孙叔敖复活了,想请他做相国。优孟说:“请让我回去和妻子商量此事,三天以后再来就任相国。”楚庄王允许了。三天以后,优孟又来见庄王。庄王说:“你妻子怎么说的?”优孟说:“我妻子说千万不要干,楚国的相国不值得做。像孙叔敖那样做楚国的相国,忠正廉洁治理楚国,楚王才得以称霸。如今死了,他的儿子连插下锥子的土地也没有,穷困到靠背柴出卖来维持生活。一定要像孙叔敖那样,倒不如自杀。”接着唱道,“住在山野耕田受苦,难以得到温饱。出外做官,本身贪赃卑鄙的,不顾耻辱,积了钱财。自己死后家室虽然富足,但又恐怕受贿枉法,为非作歹,犯下大罪,自己被处死,家室也遭诛灭。贪官哪能做呢!想做个清官,奉公守法,尽忠职守,到死不敢做坏事。清官又哪能做呢!楚国相国孙叔敖坚持廉洁的操守到死,现在妻子儿子穷困到靠背柴卖糊口,清官也不值得做呢!”于是庄王在优孟面前表示了歉意,就召见孙叔敖的儿子,把寝丘这个四百户之邑封给他,用来供奉孙叔敖的祭祀。后来传到十代没有断绝。
即为孙叔敖衣冠,抵掌谈语。岁余,像孙叔敖,楚王及左右不能别也。庄王置酒,优孟前为寿。庄王大惊,以为孙叔敖复生也,欲以为相。优孟曰:“请归与妇计之,三日而为相。”庄王许之。三日后,优孟复来。王曰:“妇言谓何?”孟曰:“妇言慎无为,楚相不足为也。如孙叔敖之为楚相,尽忠为廉以治楚,楚王得以霸。今死,其子无立锥之地,贫困负薪以自饮食。必如孙叔敖,不如自杀。”因歌曰:“山居耕田苦,难以得食。起而为吏,身贪鄙者余财,不顾耻辱。身死家室富,又恐受赇枉法,为奸触大罪,身死而家灭。贪吏安可为也!念为廉吏,奉法守职,竟死不敢为非。廉吏安可为也!楚相孙叔敖持廉至死,方今妻子穷困负薪而食,不足为也!”于是庄王谢优孟,乃召孙叔敖子,封之寝丘四百户,以奉其祀。后十世不绝。

优孟的这种智慧,可以说是能够抓住时机了。
此知可以言时矣。

回答2:

妮怎么不直接亮出来啊...
骗人也太没水准了吧..
怪不得现在连知识都能盗窃噢.

回答3:

回答4:

sb a ni

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