推荐回答(3个)
作者:单智千
来源:知乎
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在很多人把健身和健美混为一谈。
健身:在我眼里是运动的一种别称 你可以定义任何运动都可以是健身 . 健身是健美的初级阶段,健身可以看作是一种生活方式但健美不可以。健美的根本属性就是竞技,竞技和健美密不可分。
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但是网络上绝大多数人健身的目的是因为 形体天生不是那么完美的,对自己形体不满意,用后天来弥补。来选择健身后天弥补先天体形不好。健身或健美和其他运动最大的不同就是,让你长出适当发达的肌肉来填补先天体形的不足。用的却是健美的方法或者说是初级健美的方式
健美:身体建设的核心内容就是发展肌肉和建设肌肉,获得一个健壮美观的形体。至于什么健康状况、身体素质、体能水平、整体力量等都只是身体建设的副产品而已,不是建设的重点。
一种竞技性质的比赛.站在纯竞技的视角,这个运动只需要运动员展示符合评判标准的健美体格,满足健美要求的审美观就行。和其他运动要求的力量、速度等以及什么综合体能没多大关系。健美运动员站在台上就是艺术家。他们用体育的方式锻炼体格,用艺术的方式展现体格。他们是特殊的运动员。
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看重结果的叫竞技健美,看重过程的叫大众健身。
竞技运动亦称“竞技体育”。指为了战胜对手,取得优异运动成绩,最大限度地发挥和提高个人、集体在体格、体能、心理及运动能力等方面的潜力所进行的科学的、系统的训练和竞赛。
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含运动训练和运动竞赛两种形式。特点是:
1)充分调动和发挥运动员的体力、智力、心理等方面的潜力;
2)激烈的对抗性和竞赛性;
3)参加者有充沛的体力和高超的技艺;
4)按照统一的规则竞赛,具有国际性,成绩具有公认性;
竞技比赛要的就是结果,不是过程。只有参加竞技比赛的人才有资格叫竞技运动员。如果只重过程不重结果,那不管是从事什么运动那都只是业余爱好。以健美为业余爱好那只能叫“大众健身”,不能叫竞技健美。篮球、田径、游泳、、自行车等等如果不是比赛那同样也只是业余爱好。比赛的就是竞技,追求结果!不比赛的就是爱好,享受过程!
健美运动展示的是人体美。但这种竞技比赛的人体美确实比较特殊,和大众对人体的审美有一定的区别和差异。奥运精神是“更高、更快、更强”,竞技健美则要求是“更大、更精、更匀称”只要是竞技,都是永远追求挑战极限的。所以,健美展示的人体美实质是一种夸张的美感。由于健美的竞技属性加上中国2000多年封建文化的洗礼,就不难理解这项运动在目前国内遭受普通大众的冷眼、漠视、怀疑、不理解。普通中国人一般接受不了比较夸张的健美运动员的体格。由于健美运动员体格的特殊性,也很容易遭到愚昧无知没有受过正确审美观教育的人的指责和质疑。
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在中国的文化和思维习惯上,力量来自于精神而不是体力。于是健美者就被人看成是一群肌肉怪物。这种歧视并不奇怪,可悲的是人们在形成了偏见后却始终少有人来审视自己的观念,他们可以理解其他运动员的辛苦,称赞运动员坚忍不拔的精神,感叹运动员付出的汗水,但却忘记了健美也是一种体育运动,健美运动员同样付出常人难以想象的艰辛。这个有目的或无意识的遗忘,恐怕原因就是文化和体制共同的结果。国家扶植和文化容忍的也许才是今天大多数老百姓心中的“体育”。
所以说健美是一个运动项目。可以当作篮球 跑步 游泳 一样去对待。那么就给大家延伸一个概念
健美和健体都是国际健美比赛的一个项目。健美在比赛的时候,要求参赛者身着三角泳裤,进行1-2分钟的全身肌肉展示;而健体比赛,则要求餐在这身着过膝短裤,进行30秒上半身的正面、侧面、背面肌肉展示。
健体在评分的时候,以先天骨架、肩宽、高胸、窄腰、腿直,身体中心线中正,头、四肢和躯干纵横向的比例协调为主,同时要求参赛者全身肌肉发达均匀,左右对称、前后对应,各部位肌肉紧致有形、饱满,轮廓清晰、美观。
另外,健体还对参赛者动作展示是否流畅、是否更好的展现力与美、皮肤是否光泽,身体上是否有疤痕暗疮等都有要求。
而健美,通常是是健美比赛中的压轴项目。参赛者只需要展示7个标准动作即可。健美的评分,是以身体上的肌肉为主要评判标准。
健美比赛要求参赛者,全身肌肉结构统一。肌群的围度、分离度和密度以及肌肉的对称形态,这都是影响评判的分数的重要因素。另外,对参赛者的骨架是够匀称,姿态、发型以及皮肤的健康程度也有一定的要求。
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