打算盘的口诀是什么?

2025-02-08 21:45:29
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

加法口诀
  不进位的加进位的加
  直加满五加进十加破五进十加
  加一:一上一,一下五去四,一去九进一
  加二:二上二,二下五去三,二去八进一
  加三:三上三,三下五去二,三去七进一
  加四:四上四,四下五去一,四去六进一
  加五:五上五,五去五进一
  加六:六上六,六去四进一,六上一去五进一
  加七:七上七,七去三进一,七上二去五进一
  加八:八上八,八去二进一,八上三去五进一
  加九:九上九,九去一进一,九上四去五进一
减法口诀
  不退位的减退位的减
  直减破五减退位减退十补五的减
  减一:一下一,一上四去五,一退一还九
  减二:二下二,二上三去五,二退一还八
  减三:三下三,三上二去五,三退一还七
  减四:四下四,四上一去五,四退一还六
  减五:五下五,五退一还五
  减六:六下六,六退一还四,六退一还五去一
  减七:七下七,七退一还三,七退一还五去二
  减八:八下八,八退一还二,八退一还五去三
  减九:九下九,九退一还一,九退一还五去四
乘法口诀
  在春秋战国时已在筹算中得到应用;
  归除口诀,首见杨辉《乘除通变算宝》[1274],
  朱世杰《算学启蒙》[1299]所载九归口诀已与现代基本相同。
  有了四则口诀,珠算的算法就形成一个体系,长期沿用下来。
  三、大九九口诀表
  一一01一二02一三03一四04一五05一六06一七07一八08一九09
  二一02二二04二三06二四08二五10二六12二七14二八16二九18
  三一03三二06三三09三四12三五15三六18三七21三八24三九27
  四一04四二08四三12四四16四五20四六24四七28四八32四九36
  五一05五二10五三15五四20五五25五六30五七35五八40五九45
  六一06六二12六三18六四24六五30六六36六七42六八48六九54
  七一07七二14七三21七四28七五35七六42七七49七八56七九63
  八一08八二16八三24八四32八五40八六48八七56八八64八九72
  九一09九二18九三27九四36九五45九六54九七63九八72九九81
除法口诀
  珠算除法有归除法和商除法两种.
  归除法用口诀进行计算,有九归口诀,退商口诀和商九口诀.
  九归口诀共61句:
  一归(用1除):逢一进一,逢二进二,逢三进三,逢四进四,逢五进五,逢六进六,逢七进七,逢八进八,逢九进九.
  二归(用2除):逢二进一,逢四进二,逢六进三,逢八进四,二一添作五.
  三归(用3除):逢三进一,逢六进二,逢九进三,三一三余一,三二六余二.
  四归(用4除):逢四进一,逢八进二,四二添作五,四一二余二,四三七余二.
  五归(用5除):逢五进一,五一倍作二,五二倍作四,五三倍作六,五四倍作八.
  六归(用6除):逢六进一,逢十二进二,六三添作五,六一下加四,六二三余二,六四六余四,六五八余二.
  七归(用7除):逢七进一,逢十四进二,七一下加三,七二下加六,七三四余二,七四五余五,七五七余一,七六八余四.
  八归(用8除):逢八进一,八四添作五,八一下加二,八二下加四,八三下加六,八五六余二,八六七余四,八七八余六.
  九归(用9除):逢九进一,九一下加一,九二下加二,九三下加三,九四下加四,九五下加五,九六下加六,九七下加七,九八下加八.
  朱世杰《算学启蒙》(1299)卷上“归除歌诀”...
  一归如一进见一进成十
  二一添作五逢二进成十四进二十六进三十八进四十
  三一三十一三二六十二逢三进成十六进二十九进三十
  四一二十二四二添作五四三七十二逢四进成十八进二十
  五归添一倍逢五进成十
  六一下加四六二三十二六三添作五六四六十四六五八十二逢六进成十
  七一下加三七二下加六七三四十二七四五十五七五七十一七六八十四逢七进成十
  八一下加二八二下加四八三下加六八四添作五八五六十二八六七十四八七八十六逢八进成十
  九归随身下逢九进成十
  南宋数学家杨辉在他的「日用算法」(1262年)中编造了斤价求两价的歌诀
  元朝伟大数学家朱世杰的「算学启蒙」(1299年)书中,更被推进成下列的十五句:
  一求,隔位六二五;(1/16=0.0625)
  二求,退位一二五;(2/16=0.125)
  三求,一八七五记;(3/16=0.1875)
  四求,改曰二十五;(4/16=0.25)
  五求,三一二五是;(5/16=0.3125)
  六求,两价三七五;(6/16=0.375)
  七求,四三七五置;(7/16=0.4375)
  八求,转身变作五;(8/16=0.5)
  九求,五六二五;(9/16=0.5625)
  十求,六二五;(10/16=0.625)
  11求,六八七五;(11/16=0.6875)
  12求,七五;(12/16=0.75)
  13求,八一二五;(13/16=0.8125)
  14求,八七五;(14/16=0.875)
  15求,九三七五;(15/16=0.9375)
  退商口诀共9句:
  无除退一下还一,无除退一下还二,无除退一下还三,
  无除退一下还四,无除退一下还五,无除退一下还六,
  无除退一下还七,无除退一下还八,无除退一下还九,
  商九(又叫撞归,是除以以9开头的数,商用大了,退商的时候用的)口诀共9句:
  见一无除作九一,见二无除作九二,见三无除作九三,
  见四无除作九四,见五无除作九五,见六无除作九六,
  见七无除作九七,见八无除作九八,见九无除作九九.
  除数是一位数的除法叫“单归”;除数是两位或两位以上的除法叫“归除”,除数的首位叫“归”,以下各位叫“除”.如,除数是534的归除,叫“五归三四除”.即用五归口诀求商后,再用34除.
开乘方
  珠算乘方可以直接乘,也可以根据公式,高次方若幂是质素,就只有直接乘,若可以分解因式,则可分解因式再来算。
  珠算开平方,一般有半九九开平方法,积差开平方法,公式开平方法,增乘开平方法。
  开三次方,有三倍根开立方法,过大商开立方法。
  开五次方,有多种,常见的有增乘开五次方。
  开高次方一般很少在珠算上用。

回答2:

回答3:

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