音箱由哪些结构组成?

2025-02-07 17:55:31
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

回答2:

1、扬声器 扬声器有多种分类式:按其换能方式可分为电动式、电磁式、压电式、数字式等多种;按振膜结构可分为单纸盆、复合纸盆、复合号筒、同轴等多种;按振膜开头可分为锥盆式、球顶式、平板式、带式等多种;按重放频可分为高频、中频、低频和全频带扬声器;按磁路形式可分为外磁式、内磁式、双磁路式和屏蔽式等多种;按磁路性质可分为铁氧体磁体、钕硼磁体、铝镍钴磁体扬声器;按振膜材料可分纸质和非纸盆扬声器等。 A、电动式扬声器应用最广,它利用音圈与恒定磁场之间的相互作用力使振膜振动而发声。电动式的低音扬声器以锥盆式居多,中音扬声器多为锥盆式或球顶式,高音扬声器则以球顶式和带式、号筒式为常用。 B、锥盆式扬声器的结构简单,能量转换效率较高。它使用的振膜材料以纸浆材料为主,或掺入羊毛、蚕丝、碳纤维等材料,以增加其刚性、内阻尼及防水等性能。新一代电动式锥盆扬声器使用了非纸质振膜材料,如聚丙烯、云母碳化聚丙烯、碳纤维纺织、防弹布、硬质铝箔、CD波纹、玻璃纤维等复合材料,性能进步提高。 C、球顶式扬声器有软球顶和硬球顶之分。软球项扬声器的振膜彩蚕丝、丝绢、浸渍酚醛树脂的棉布、化纤及复合材料,其特点是重放音质柔美;硬球顶扬声器的振膜彩铝合金、钛合金及铍合金等材料,其特点是重放音质清脆。 D、号筒式扬声器的辐射方式与锥盆式扬声器不同,这是在振膜振动后,声音经过号筒再扩散出去。其特点是电声转换及辐射效率较高、距离远、失真小,但重放频带及指向性较窄。 E、带式扬声器的音圈直接制作在整个振膜(铝合金聚酰亚胺薄膜等)上,音圈与振膜间直接耦合。音圈生产的交变磁场与恒磁场相互作用,使带式振膜振动而辐射出声波。其特点是响应速度快、失真小,重放音质细腻、层次感好。 2、箱体 箱体用来消除扬声器单元的声短路,抑制其声共振,拓宽其频响范围,减少失真。音箱的箱体外形结构有书架式和落地式之分,还有立式和卧式之分。箱体内部结构又有密闭式、倒相式、带通式、空纸盆式、迷宫式、对称驱动式和号筒式等多种形式,使用最多的是密闭式、倒相式和带通式。 落地音箱属大型音箱,箱体高度在750MM以上,书架音箱的箱体高度在750MM以下,450MM~750MM之间的为中型书架音箱,450MM以下的为小型书架音箱。 家庭影院系统的前置主音箱为立式音箱,有使用书架式的,也有使用落地式的,这要根据视听室面积大小、功放功率大小及个人爱好而定。通常,对于视听室在15平方米以下的,宜选用中型书架音箱;低于10平方米的应选用小型书架箱;大于15平方米的房间,可选用中型书架音箱或落地箱。前置主音箱、中置音箱和环绕音箱均以倒相式设计居多,其次是密闭工和1/4波长加载式、迷宫式等。超重低音音箱以带通式和双腔双开口式居多,其次是倒相式、密闭式。 3、分频器 分频器有功率分频和电子分频器之分,主要作用均是频带分割、幅频特性与相频特性校正、阻抗补偿与衰减等作用。 功率分频器也称无源式后级分频器,是在功率功放之后进行分频的。它主要由电感、电阻、电容等无源组件组成滤波器网络,把各频段的音频信号分别送到相应频段的扬声器中去重放。

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