Except,but和beside的区别

要详细,有例句,最好每种情况一个例句。
2024-12-24 11:37:57
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

besides, except, but的用法区别
1. 基本区别三者均可表示“除了”,但 besides 表示一种累加关系,意指“除了什么之外,还有…”;而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系,意指“除了什么之外,不再有…”:Besides his wife, his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外,他女儿也去看过他。You can park anywhere except [but] here. 只有这里不能停车。但是,在否定句中,besides 也表示“除…… ”,与but, except 同义:
No one passed the exam besides [except] Jim. 除吉姆外,没一个人通过考试。

2. 关于 but 与 except两者都可表示“除…外不再有…”,但含义上略有差别:but侧重指意义的几乎完整性,而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分:All are here but one. 除一个人外大家都到了。All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。还有一个人没到。另外,在现代英语中,but 的介词用法十分有限,一般说来,它只能用在下列词语之后:① no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等② any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等③ every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等④ all, none 等⑤ who, what, where 等Everyone knows it but you. 除你之外大家都知道。I haven’t told anybody but you. 除你之外,我没告诉任何人。No one but he [him] showed much interest in it. 除他之外没有一个人对此有很大兴趣。但是 except 却没有以上限制:正:The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外,这扇窗户从不打开。
误:The window is never opened but in summer.

3. 关于 except 与 except forexcept 主要用来谈论同类的东西,而 except for 则主要用来谈论不同类的东西,有时含有惋惜之意:All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外,其他的作文都写得很好。His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错,只是有几处拼写错误。若用于句首,则 except for与 except 同义(但 except 通常不用于句首,另外but也不能用于句首):
Except for me, everyone passed the exam. 除了我之外,大家都通过了考试。

回答2:

表示“除了”之意的besides、except、except for、but等介词的运用,是试题命题人常常考虑的一个项目。
一、besides“除了…以外,还有…”,它常用在含有also,another,more,other,else,too等词的句子中。besides引起的部分可置于句首或句末,其后通常接名词、代词、动名词(短语)、动词原形(若besides前有动词do时,见下文第三个例句)或what从句等。例:
Besides his wife, his daughter also went swimming.
除了他爱人以外,他女儿也去游泳了。
We need fifteen more people besides our team to do the job.
除了我们全队以外,还需要15人来做这项工作。
What else did you do besides writing/write the letter?
除了写了那封信外,你还干了什么?
此外,在否定句中,besides表示“除…之外(不再有)”,这时可以与except、but互换。例:
Nobody knows it besides/except/but me.
除我以外,谁也不知道那件事。
二、except“除…之外,没有…”,着重强调在同类人或物中除去的一个或几个特殊的人或物,表示减除的概念,即“不包括”。它常与all, every, everyone, everything, any, anywhere, no,nobody, nowhere, none, nothing等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。except引起的部分在通常情况下位于句末,其后可跟名词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词(短语)、that从句以及 wh-等引导的句子。例:
We all attended the meeting except Xiao Li.
除小李外,我们都参加了会议。
I looked everywhere except in the bedroom.
除了卧室外,我到处都找遍了。
She will do everything except lend you money.
她除了借给你钱之外,什么都愿意做。
I know nothing about him except what I read in the newspaper.
除了在报纸上所看到的以外,我对他的情况一无所知。
She usually goes to work by bike except when it rains. (= on rainy days)
除了雨天,她一般都骑自行车上班。
三、except for是个复合介词,具有否定含义,常译作“除…以外,其它都…”,表示在说明整个基本情况后,再对谈论的对象在细节上加以说明或修正,一般指从完美的整体中除去存在的不足。except for引起的部分可置于句首或句末,其后除开的部分通常不是同类的。例:
Your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
除了几个拼写错误外,你的作文写得很好。
Except for a desk or two, the classroom was empty.
除了一两张课桌外,这个教室是空的。
注:except for +名词或短语时,可以转换成except that从句形式。如:
Your composition is good except that there are a few spelling
mistakes.
四、but“除…外,其余都或都不…”,它和except的用法基本相同,都表示减除概念,一般情况下可以互换,通常置于句末,着重强调整句的内容,它习惯上只用于every, any, all, everybody, anything, anywhere,nobody, no, none以及who, what, where等词之后,其后可接名词、代词、形容词、动词不定式等。例:
She seldom talked of anything but painting.
除了绘画,她很少谈论别的。
There is no one here but Mary and Tom.
除了玛丽和汤姆,这里没有别人。
Who but a fool would do such a thing?
除了傻瓜外,谁会干这种事?
注:尽管except和but常可换用,但在下列情况多用but:
1.前面有不定代词、疑问代词在意义上对称时。
2.当句中有no、all、nobody、who、where等时。
3.介词后接带to的动词不定式短语为排除对象时。且注意:若but前面的句子中含有实义动词do,does,doing,did,done,to do等形式时,其后要省去不定式符号to;否则要保留to。例:
He did nothing but watch TV last night.(省去to)
昨晚除了看电视以外,别的他什么也没有干。
The girl had no choice but to burst into tears.(保留to)
那个女孩除了放声大哭,别无选择。

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