near ， nearby ,near by, by 区别

near
[niə]
adv.
(空间)在近处; 在附近
We live quite near.
我们就住在附近。
(时间)临近, 来临
The summer holidays are drawing near.
暑假快到了。
(程度)几乎, 差不多, 将近
He was near frozen when they found him.
他们找到他时, 他差不多冻僵了。
prep.
(表示位置)靠近, 在…附近
The small child was afraid to go near the dog.
那小孩子不敢靠近那条狗。
(表示时间)将近, 快到, 临近
It's near five o'clock.
现在将近五点钟。
(表示程度)接近, 近乎, 濒临
Most views were fairly near the truth.
许多观点与真实情况十分相近。
(表示关系)与…近似; 与…紧密相关
(表示过程)到…去从事活动
He never goes near a public house.
他从来不到酒馆喝酒。
(表示数目)大约, 接近
He must be getting near retiring age.
他一定快到退休年龄了。
adj.
近的; 不远的
Can you tell me the nearest way to the station?
你能告诉我去火车站最近的路吗?
亲密的; 近亲的
We are near relatives.
我们是近亲。
近似, 相似
Very often tragedies or near tragedies occurred.
悲剧或近乎悲剧的事经常发生。
vt. & vi.
接近; 靠近
Storm clouds neared.
暴风雨的乌云迫近了。

nearby
[ˈniəbai]
adj.
附近的; 不远的
He works in the nearby police station.
他在附近的警察局工作。
adv.
附近地; 近旁地
We will stop nearby for lunch.
我们就在附近停下吃饭。

near by
在附近,邻近

by
[bai]
prep.
(表示位置)在…近旁; 在身边
On a cold evening it is pleasant to sit by the fire.
在寒高盯冷的夜晚坐在炉火旁边很舒服。
(表示时间)不迟于; 在…时候
Be here by four o'clock.
四点钟之前到这儿。
(表示方向)从…中经过
They came in by the back door.
他们是由后门进来的。
(表示方式)搭乘, 通过; 抓住…; 靠, 采取; 就…而论; 以…称呼方式; 以…羡念滚的名义; 凭着
Are you to go there by bike or by bus?
你骑车还是坐车去?
(表示原因)随…而来
The meeting will be held in the school hall, by permission of the headmaster.
由于有校长的准许, 会议将在学校大厅举行。
(表示方位)偏于
The steamer will go west by north.
这艘轮船将向西偏北方向航行。
(表示环境)借着…光亮
They were playing cards by electric light.
他们正借着灯光打牌。
(表示关涉)经过
I go by the house every day.
我每天都要从这栋房子经过。
(表示程度)以…之差
We lost the match by one goal.
我们以一分之差输了比赛。
adv.
在近旁
He stole the money when no one was by.
他趁旁边无人时把钱偷走了。
经过, 走过兄余
He hurried by without speaking to me.
他匆匆经过, 没有跟我说话。
保留
I always keep a bottle of wine by in case friends call round.
我平时总存放一瓶酒以备朋友来时喝。

near
KK: []
DJ: []
a.
1. 近的
The post office is quite near.
邮局很近。
2. (关系、程度上)接近的;近似的
Her aunt is her nearest relative.
她姨妈是她最近的差大歼亲戚。
3. (两者中)较近的[Z][B]
the near bank of the river
较近的一边河岸
4. 几乎的,险乎的[B]
She wore an expression of near fear.
她虚冲面露几近恐惧的神色。
ad.
1. 近,接近
He lives quite near.
他住得很近。
2. 几乎,差不多
It is near impossible.
那是几乎仿兆不可能的。
prep.
1. 在...附近
He sat in a chair near the door.
他坐在靠门的一把椅子上。
2. 近似于

nearby
KK: []
DJ: []
a.
1. 附近的
The cinema nearby can seat 1,000 people.
附近那家电影院可容纳一千名观众。
She is staying at a nearby hotel.
她住在附近一家旅馆里。
ad.
1. 在附近
She lives nearby.
她住在附近。
He gave up his seat on the bus to an old woman standing nearby.
他乘公共汽车时把座位让给了站在他身边的老太太。

没有near by这种说法

near by 是作为词组用，是在附近、邻近的意思.

1。作形容词的情况
near, nearby都可以作猛蠢形容词，都表示附近的，（时间/距离）接近的，但是near一般用困知斗于作表语，放在系动词is,are，am之后后，而不放在名词之前，而nearby则放在名词之前
另外，当near作形容词表示 差不多，几乎 这一意思的时候只能放在名词之前，如：a near disaster差不多是一场灾难

2作副词的情况
没什么区别

3.near还汪磨可以作介词和动词
do you live near here?介词
we neared the top of the hill动词(我们快到山顶了）