推荐回答(4个)
物理层的主要特点:
①由于在osi之前,许多物理规程或协议已经制定出来了,而且在数据通信领域中,这些
物理规程已被许多商品化的设备所采用,加之,物理层协议涉及的范围广泛,所以至今没有按osi
的抽象模型制定一套新的物理层协议,而是沿用已存在的物理规程,将物理层确定为描述与传输媒体接口的机械、气、功能和过程特性。
②由于物理连接的方式很多,传输媒体的种类也很多,因此,具体的物理协议相当复杂。
物理层是OSI的第一层,它虽然处于最底层,却是整个开放系统的基础。物理层为设备之间的数据通信提供传输媒体及互连设备,为数据传输提供可靠的环境。主要性能:
⑴为数据端设备提供传送数据的通路,数据通路可以是一个物理媒体,也可以是多个物理媒体连接而成.一次完整的数据传输,包括激活物理连接,传送数据,终止物理连接.所谓激活,就是不管有多少物理媒体参与,都要在通信的两个数据终端设备间连接起来,形成一条通路.
⑵
传输数据.物理层要形成适合数据传输需要的实体,为数据传送服务.一是要保证数据能在其上正确通过,二是要提供足够的带宽(带宽是指每秒钟内能通过的比特(BIT)数),以减少信道上的拥塞.传输数据的方式能满足点到点,一点到多点,串行或并行,半双工或全双工,同步或异步传输的需要.
⑶
完成物理层的一些管理工作.
特性:4个特性是机械特性、电气特性、功能特性与规程特性。详见:
http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=srRXf2swfCegCmm6a5GO4uNMHdb9HI72bQMdaKrtn3ZGWAbR_ISzudHpvwyltIrI
物理层为设备之间的数据通信提供传输媒体及互连设备,为数据传输提供可靠的环境。如果您想要用尽量少的词来记住这个第一层,那就是“信号和介质”。
物理层要尽可能地屏蔽掉物理设备和传输媒体,通信手段的不同,使数据链路层感觉不到这些差异,只考虑完成本层的协议和服务。
给其服务用户(数据链路层)在一条物理的传输媒体上传送和接收比特流(一般为串行按顺序传输的比特流)的能力,为此,物理层应该解决物理连接的建立、维持和释放问题。在两个相邻系统之间唯一地标识数据电路。
物理层完成的主要任务是:
⑴
实现位操作
⑵
数据信号的传输
⑶
接口设计
⑷
信号传输规程
物理层的主要特性是:
⑴
机械特性
⑵
电气特性
⑶
功能特性
⑷
规程特性
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