朝柴发动机170马力 排气管垫子冲坏 换了五个了 换完又坏了?
怎样才能彻底修好?
推荐回答(2个)
1.故障产生后的发动机表象
气缸垫用来弥补气缸盖与气缸体结合面的不平处,使其密封,防止漏冷却液、漏气或漏油。气缸垫是燃烧室的组成部分。气缸垫之所以能在气缸盖压紧时封闭气缸,是因其表面产生了塑形变形且具有的一定的弹性。气缸垫损坏后会使发动机运转不稳、有抖动且起动困难,高速或低速运转均不平稳,个别气缸不工作,功率明显下降及在怠速时排气管有“突、突”的响声等,同时可能在发动机旁听到漏气声。若气缸垫损坏处与水道相通,则冷却液会漏进油底壳,使润滑油面升高,散热器内的反水量也会增大或有气泡出现。在消声器口处有冷却液珠出现。
2.故障产生的原因
气缸盖或气缸体的平面出现翘曲或凸凹不平,或安装时没清理干净气缸盖或气缸垫,气缸垫难以填补不平处,造成漏气、漏冷却液或漏油。
气缸垫、气缸盖、气缸体的冷却液道口没对正,受冷却液液流的冲击而损坏。
气缸盖螺栓或螺母的拧紧力矩不合要求;拧紧没有按要求的次数或方法进行;使用新气缸垫时,没能在发动机热起动后,再次拧紧气缸盖。
气缸套凸台高度不够或各气缸高度不等,或气缸体螺栓孔中有油水和铁锈等,这都会使螺纹孔变浅,导致气缸盖压不实。
没按安装方向要求安装。有些气缸垫上标有“朝上”“朝前”“此面朝上”,或标有英文字样的一面必须朝向气缸盖。
气缸垫质量差,如气缸垫厚薄不均匀或过薄。另外,气缸垫经过多次使用,厚度减小,已失去弹性,无法弥补气缸盖和气缸体结合面的不平处,造成密封不严。
发动机经常在高温下运转,或经常处在点火过早状态,或发动机压缩比过大,容易冲坏气缸垫,造成气缸垫漏气、漏冷却液或漏油。
故障预防和排除方法
选择与发动机规格配套且质量好的气缸垫。若使用的是金属-石棉垫结构的气缸垫,在没有新气缸垫可供更换的情况下,可将换下来的旧气缸垫用火均匀地烤热,使其内部料(石棉)变得疏松,待其自然冷却后再安装。
对于正反面都能安装且有卷边的气缸垫,不要装反。要使光滑的一面朝向不容易修整或容易压伤的机件。有安装标记者,应按方向安装。
维修时按规定的转矩、拧紧次数和方法来拧紧。经过一段时间使用后,应对铸铁气缸盖在校紧一次气缸盖螺栓转矩。两气缸用一个盖的气缸垫重复使用时,要各就各位。
防止因气缸盖变薄而使螺栓变长,出现拧不紧的情况。清理螺纹孔杂物,以减小拧紧螺栓时的转矩。
防止发动机冷却系统缺冷却液,工作温度过高,点火或供油过早(柴油机)。另外,应避免汽车长时间用低档超负荷运行。
测一下缸体和排气支管之间的接触面是否有铸造时的缺陷,如果冲坏的总是某一排气支管口的话,可以考虑配件质量问题
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