直升机,螺旋桨飞机,喷气式飞机

2025-02-09 11:42:45
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

现在螺旋桨活塞式发动机应该很少了,如果有,也是涡轮螺旋桨了,航空用的喷气发动机,主要有四种。
1. 涡轮喷气式:简称“涡喷”,最基本的形式,下面的几种都可看成其变体。
空气被压气机抽进管内增压,燃烧室燃料点火,爆炸产生气流向后喷出提供动力,同时推动涡轮旋转从而带动压气机抽进新空气。
注:我国歼8之前的战斗机和轰炸机全都是这样的发动机

2. 涡轮风扇式:简称“涡扇”,将“涡喷”作为内面的核心发动机,外面还有一个涵道。进气口加装一个压气机,后面相应加一个涡轮驱动。
涵道比是“涡扇”非常重要的概念,外涵道与内涵道空气流量的比值,越小越接近“涡喷”。民航客机涵道比大,因为高涵道比的发动机做功效率较高,省油。从下面波音747发动机肥胖的程度就可以看出;战斗机的比较细长,因为低涵道比或者直接的“涡喷”发动机适合高速飞行特别是超音速。

注:美国自二代战机以后,基本都是涡扇发动机,比如F-14 15 16等等,欧美客机也常用,

3. 涡轮螺旋桨式:简称“涡桨”,也就是进气口外面加了个螺旋桨,适合较低速的飞机。
比如俄罗斯的图-95战略轰炸机

4. 涡轮轴式:简称“涡轴”,就是用于直升机的发动机。前面结构和“涡喷”一样,只是后面加了个大转轴。因此动力不是靠喷气,而是靠最后的转轴带动外面的叶片形成气流。

直升机除了早期的发动机是活塞发动机,现代都是涡轴的,

理论上:涡扇应该是最省油,但这个理论之再民用之上成立!军用要考虑发动机涵道比例!

回答2:

没有办法直接比较,因为不同的飞机,使用的发动机不同,自身重量不同,飞行高度不同,使用的燃油也不同.
就一般来讲,涡轮螺旋桨在单位里程上油耗最低,也就是说,同时飞1000公里,用涡轮螺旋桨的飞机最省油.但是如果按留空时间计算,那么直升机使用的涡轮轴发动机以及活塞式飞机更省油,但是它们的速度要慢得多,所以虽然留空时间不少,但是飞不了多远.

至于楼上说的民航涡扇最省油,这肯定是错误的.单位里程涡扇要比涡桨油耗大得多,但是他有一个很明显的好处,就是使用他的飞机速度远比涡桨的要快,所以综合下来成本比较低,才广泛用于民航飞机.

回答3:

直升机可以是涡轮轴发动机可以是活塞式发动机;
螺旋桨飞机可以是涡桨,可以是活塞式;
喷气式也有涡喷、涡扇、冲压式发动机;
因为各种发动机不同,用油也不同。你说的省油是指质量消耗慢,
还是体积消耗慢,还是省钱?

回答4:

直升机最省油,螺旋桨的也就是固定翼飞机其次,喷气式最费油。
因为同样耗油量的情况下能量转换效率最高的就是直升机了。

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