推荐回答(1个)
河南临颍县窝城镇中心小学 王美芳
为了提高小学生的识字能力,让学生在教师的引导下,在轻松、快乐的环境中学会生字,笔者在从教多年的经验中总结出来以下几种方法,对于提高小学生识字能力有极大的帮助。
一、激发兴趣,提高小学生识字的主动性
比如教学“鱼”字,可以先给小学生在黑板上画一条可爱的小鱼,使学生感知“鱼”的外形,如头部、身体、尾巴,让学生慢慢观察、理解,进而跟他们解释汉字的“鱼”字上部分就是鱼的头部,中间部分是鱼的身体,横就是鱼的尾巴。通过这样的理解记忆,可以让学生在想到鱼的外形时,就很容易联想起“鱼”字的写法,达到提高记忆效果的目的。这样也容易提高小学生学习的主动性。
二、编字谜猜生字
利用游戏,趣味识字。游戏是喜闻乐见的学习方式之一,在这样的学习环境中可激发学生的学习兴趣。比如学习“赢”字,可编成“亡口月贝凡”;学习“闪”,编成“门里面有个人”;学习“雷”,编成“大雨落到田上”;学习“全”,编成“大王头上有个人”;学习“尘”,编成“小小的土”;学习“坐”,编成“两个人坐在土上”……
我们把猜谜引进识字课堂,学生不仅生字学得津津有味,还加深了对生字的印象,又锻炼了他们说话的能力,发挥了他们无穷无尽的想象力。
三、对比识字法
经过多年的的教学,我深有体会,平时总有学生把外形很像的字混淆,比如“哪”和“那”互相混淆。在选词填空时,写成“村子里(那)来这么多新房子?”在这种情况下,老师可运用比较的方法进行教学。从比较字音入手:“哪”读nǎ,“那”读nà,接下来比较字形:“哪”比“那”多了一个“口”,最后从字义上帮助学生理解。在句子中表示疑问的用“哪”,指较远的地方或事物用“那”。如:“你从哪儿来?”“我到那边去”。这样学生就会区别“哪”和“那”了。
四、编故事、巧识字
在教小学生的过程中,老师们往往会发现,学生爱听故事,因此,老师在教学的过程中可以将一个个抽象的汉字演绎活化成一个个生动的小故事。让学生们通过听故事记住生字。
如在学习“渴”和“喝”的时候,教师给学生讲了一个有趣的故事:一天,小明和姐姐还有几个小朋友去小山上玩,正当他们玩的开心时,小明口干了想喝水,于是便说:“水,你在哪里?”原来小明把准备着的水壶忘在家里了,口渴了才想起。于是,姐姐送了一瓶水给小明,小明张开嘴就喝。姐姐见状就顺口说:“口渴了就找水,喝水时就张嘴。”听了这个故事以后,学生就牢固地记住了“渴”和“喝”了。还比如“灭”字,可以跟学生讲这是发生火灾时,要用水去浇灭,进而可以通过这个一个小故事让学生记忆牢固。这样一想,这些字就会深深地印在脑子里,学生的想象力和创造力在这一刻也得到了发展。
让一个个抽象的字变成一个个生动的小故事,这样既使枯燥抽象的笔画变得富有灵气,又给识字增添了趣味性
总之,要提高儿童识字的能力,我们必须在汉字教学中,采取多种形式,想方设法丰富学生识字的方法,让学生不觉得学汉字枯燥无味,让他们快快乐乐地学习,把祖国的语言文字学好。
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