推荐回答（1个）
中国国防史
我国国防历史最早起于奴隶国家夏,成熟于秦汉时期.兵制建设上由生产力决定,夏商周实行兵农合一自己制,秦的兵役制和汉的募兵制,到唐朝时的府兵制.在国防工程上,伟大的万里长城,就是我国古代为防御北方游牧民族的骑兵而修建的巨大工程,先后经历八个诸侯国和十多各王朝的构建,到明朝时才具现在的规模.另外,我国少数民族也在东北修建称为边保线长城.
为了加固边防,我国古代一般采用从内地迁徙居民到边疆垦荒和利用戍边军队屯田等办法,其实质实在经济上使游牧民族向农业转化,以消除动荡因素,利于汉族的长期居守.始于明代的海防建设对抗击倭寇的侵扰起到了显著的作用.
到了近代,十九世纪上半期,西方资本主义为了开辟销售市场和原料产地,开始把目标转向中国.面对西方列强的"船尖炮利",
腐败的清王朝被迫签定了一系列不平等条 约这时,一些有学之士提出了国防体制改革和武装力量变革,并建设了一些国防工业,如江南制造局和福州船政局.鸦片战争以后,清政府放弃过去的对周边小国的守藩政策,转而从屏蔽边疆出发,实行藩篱政策.中法战争中的援越和甲午战争的援朝战争也是中国国防的重要住成部分.
辛亥革命以后,
袁世凯和北洋军阀窃取了革命果实,当时全国军队主要由北方的北洋军和辛亥革命后南方发展起来的革命军住成.这些军队大都实行幕兵制.1912年,袁世凯公布陆军官制,统一了军制并正式实行军衔制,奠定我国现代军衔制的基础.在民国年间,中国各地军阀混战,人民生活痛苦不堪.北伐战争,将介石在形式上统一了中国,他实行对内高压,对外屈服的政策,中国的国防实力衣然弱小.
新中国成立以来,v国防与军队的革命化、现代化、正规化建设不断取得丰硕成果.在第一阶段(1949～1965年),为巩固自身的安全和履行无产阶级的国际主义义务,中国人民进行了抗美援朝战争.
后来还被迫进行了对印度的反击战,维护了我国的主权和领土的完整.为加强国防科技建设,中国相继成立军事科学 院和国防科学技术委员会并兴建了一大批包括核武器在内的国防工业项目,这为中国常规和尖端武器的研发和突破奠定了基础.
第二阶段(1965～1979年),由于文革的影响,中国在这一时期国防和军队现代化建设继续在曲折中发展,在这一时期我们完全通过自己的努力,先后制成导弹、氢弹、人造卫星,并组建了第二炮兵.为维护国家主权和尊严,中国还顺利进行了珍宝岛、西沙群岛、中越边境等自卫反击战.
第三阶段(1979～今),和平与发展成为时代的主题,基于此,中央作出了将国防军队建设由过去的早打、大打、打核战争的临战状态转到和平时期正常建设的轨道上来的重要决策,提出了国防与军队建设要服从服务于国家经济建设大局的方针.并制定新时期的国防和军事战略方针,内容:(①在军事斗争的准备上,有应付一般条件下的局部战争打嬴现代化技术条件下的局部战争转变;②在军队建设上,有数量规模型向质量效能型、人力密集型、科技密集型转变,强调军队的质量建设,强调科技建军;③要按”政治合格、军事过硬、作风优良、纪律严明、保障有力”的要求全面加强军队建设; ④国防建设与经济建设两者兼顾、协调发展).
中国第一枚*********
中国"轰十"隐型轰炸机
中国航空母舰
将来的中国会有多强大,让我们摄目以待!
秋梦绿 (1047019872) 于 2008-11-08 15:08:49 对此贴进行了编辑
秋梦绿 (1047019872) 于 2008-11-10 19:52:40 对此贴进行了编辑
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