推荐回答(4个)
简单的说:摩擦所产生的热量很小,主要是通过电加热,通过压缩机使制冷剂由液化变雾化,使制冷剂循环制冷(冬天相反制热)。
空调制冷和制热原理。炎夏之日,道路上洒水会使人感觉凉快,这是因为水蒸发时从地面和空气中夺取热所致。同样道理,注射前以酒精进行皮肤表面消毒时,会感到局部清凉,这也是因为酒精蒸发时从皮肤夺取热所致。因此液体蒸发时,会从周围夺取热,周围变冷;与此相反,气体液化时,将热散发给周围,周围变热。这便是空调制冷及暖气的原理。制冷方法共有蒸汽压缩式制冷,蒸汽吸收式制冷,蒸汽喷射式制冷,吸附式制冷,空气膨胀制冷、涡流管制冷等七种。各种制冷方法大体上可分为2类:1、输入功率制冷:如蒸汽压缩式制冷、热电制冷。2、输入热量制冷:如吸收式制冷,蒸汽喷射式制冷、吸附式制冷。
活塞式压缩机的工作原理
活塞式压缩机的工作是靠气缸、气阀和在气缸中作往复运动的活塞所构成的工作容积不断变化来完成。如果不考虑活塞式压缩机实际工作中的容积损失和能量损失(即理想工作过程),则活塞式压缩机曲轴每旋转一周所完成的工作,可分为吸气、压缩和排气
压缩过程1-2: 活塞从下止点向上运动,吸、排汽阀处于关闭状态,气体在密闭的气缸中被压缩,由于气缸容积逐渐缩小,则压力、温度逐渐升高直至气缸内气体压力与排气压力相等。压缩过程一般被看作是等熵过程
排气过程2-3: 活塞继续向上移动,致使气缸内的气体压力大于排气压力,则排气阀开启,气缸内的气体在活塞的推动下等压排出气缸进入排气管道,直至活塞运动到上止点。此时由于排气阀弹簧力和阀片本身重力的作用,排气阀关闭排气结束至此,压缩机完成了一个由吸气、压缩和排气三个过程组成的工作循环。此后,活塞又向下运动,重复上述三个过程,如此周而复始地进行循环。这就是活塞式制冷压缩机的理想工作过程与原理
当曲轴旋转时,通过连杆的传动,活塞便做往复运动,由气缸内壁、气缸盖和活塞顶面所构成的工作容积则会发生周期性变化。活塞从气缸盖处开始运动时,气缸内的工作容积逐渐增大,这时,气体即沿着进气管,推开进气阀而进入气缸,直到工作容积变到最大时为止,进气阀关闭;活塞反向运动时,气缸内工作容积缩小,气体压力升高,当气缸内压力达到并略高于排气压力时,排气阀打开,气体排出气缸,直到活塞运动到极限位置为止,排气阀关闭。当活塞再次反向运动时,上述过程重复出现。总之,曲轴旋转一周,活塞往复一次,气缸内相继实现进气、压缩、排气的过程,即完成一个工作循环。
提问题时一个原理弄反了,应是制冷剂被压缩时大体积时的总热量被压缩后,变成小体积后总热量相同,所以压缩后的制冷剂温度是热的。制冷剂压缩后由于它比环境温度高,进冷凝器时可以散热。膨胀时相反,制冷机进入蒸发器膨胀后由于它比环境温度低它可以吸热。
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