用来表示认的智商的数字是怎样算出来的呀?

真不知道谁的智商那么高,竟然用数字来衡量一个人的智商。
2025-01-25 03:45:16
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

智商有两种,一种是比率智商,智力年龄÷实足年龄=智力商数。如果某人智龄与实龄相等,他的智商即为100,标示其智力中等。另一种是离差智商,把一个人的测验分数与同龄组正常人的智力平均数之比作为智商。现在大多数智力测验都采用离差智商。 ①为了准确表达一个智力水平,智力测量专家提出了离差智商的概念,即用一个人在他的同龄中的个对位置,即通过计算受试者偏离平均值多少个标准差来衡量,这就是离差智商,也称为智商(IQ)。 ②比如说,两个年龄不同的成年人,一个人的智力测量得分高于同龄组分数的平均值,另一个的测验分数低于同龄组的平均值,那么我们就作出这样的结论:前者的IQ比后者高。 ③目前均大多数智力测量都用离差智商(IQ)来表示一个人的智力水平。 ④人群的智力商分布。 在现代典型的智力测验中,设定主体人口的平均智商为100,则根据一定的统计原理,一半人口的智商,介于90-110之间,其中智商在90-100和100-110的人各占25%。智商在110-120的占14.5%,智商在120-130的人占7%,130-140的人占3%,其余0.5%人智商在140分以上,另有25%的人IQ在100分以下。 ⑤智力超常和智力低下 智力测验问世后,要区别智力的差异就变得容易起来。人们发现智商极高(IQ在130分以上)和智商极低的人(IQ在70分以下)均为少数, 智力中等或接近中等(IQ在80-120分)之间者约占全部人口的80%,智力超过常态者,我们称之为智力超常,那些智力低于常态者,我们称之为智力低常。 我们采用的是美国心理学家韦克斯勒编制的智力量表,由我国湖南医科大龚耀先等人修订,制定了中国常模。现在我们可以测查6-16岁的儿童和16岁以上的成人。通过心理测量可了解自己的智力水平、潜能所在,鉴定交通事故导致智力损伤,为发挥自己的优势,科学填报高考志愿,优生优育等提供科学依据。 智商测验包括十一个项目,有常识、理解、算术、类同、记忆、字词、图像、积木、排列、拼图、符号分测验,完成整个测验大约需要一小时,汇总分析,写出测验报告约需要一个小时。 智商就是 IQ(Intelligence Quotient的简称)。通俗地可以理解为智力,具体是指数字、空间、逻辑、词汇、记忆等能力。某种意义上智商就像电脑的硬件如CPU,一个智商高的人在短时间内能够做很复杂的事情。就像奔腾级、迅驰级的CPU能够运转windowXP这样的大型软件,而386、486只能运转DOS之类的小型软件一样。

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