二手房买卖因银行贷款审批原因,我想毁约,需要按约定退双倍定金吗?

2025-01-25 03:44:23
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

这个问题主要就是看签订的购房协议上是怎么约定的。到底是“定金”还是“订金”,这两者区别很大的。
订金和定金的区别,详细如下:
首先,“订金”在法律上并没有严格的界定,从文字的理解上来说,“订”的含义是订立、预订之意。
而“定金”在法律上有比较严格的界定。定金依法律性质不同可以有多种分类,如证约定金、成约定金、违约定金、立约定金等。我国定金在《担保法》上是债的一种担保方式,在《合同法》上是承担违约责任形式之一,其基本法律性质是违约定金,并具有担保合同履行的性质。“定金”的作用有两种情形:
1、合同正常履行时,定金充作价款或由交付方收回;
2、合同不履行时,适用定金罚则:即交付方违约的,无权收回;接受方违约的,应双倍返还。
《最高人民法院关于适用<中华人民共和国担保法>若干问题的解释》第一百一十八条规定:“当事人交付留置金、担保金、订约金、押金或者订金等,但没有约定定金性质的,当事人主张定金权利的,人民法院不予支持。”
由此可见,买受方在签订“房屋认购书”时,要分清自己交纳的到底是“订金”还是“定金”,做到心中有数。
1、在“房屋认购书”中约定的为“订金”:《商品房销售管理办法》(2001年6月1日起施行)第二十二条第二款规定:“房地产开发企业在订立商品房买卖合同之前向买受方收取预订款性质费用的,订立商品房买卖合同时,所收费用应当抵作房价款;当事人未能订立商品房买卖合同的,房地产开发企业应当向买受方返还所收费用;当事人之间另有约定的,从其约定。”此种情况下,买受人可与出卖人详细约定“订金”的性质,否则到时想要主张“定金”的权利的话,将不会被人民法院支持。
2、在“房屋认购书”中约定的为“定金”:《最高人民法院关于审理商品房买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》(2003年6月1日起施行)第四条规定:“出卖人通过认购、订购、预订等方式向买受人收受定金作为订立商品房买卖合同担保的,如果因当事人一方的原因未能订立商品房买卖合同,应当按照法律关于定金的规定处理;因不可归责于当事人双方的事由,导致商品房买卖合同未能订立的,出卖人应当将定金返还买受人。”也就是说,买房人签订认购书、正式签订《商品房买卖合同》前,如果因为买受人一方的原因“未能订立商品房买卖合同”的,出卖人可以不退还定金。但是,如果因为买卖双方的原因,比如合同不能协商一致,出卖人应当将定金返还买受人。

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