推荐回答(2个)
风是空气分子的运动。空气的构成包括:氮分子(占空气总体积的78%)、氧分子(约占 21%)、水蒸气和其他微量成分。所有空气分子以很快的速度移动着,彼此之间迅速碰撞,并和地平线上任何物体发生碰撞。
风是地球上的一种自然现象,它是由太阳辐射热引起的。太阳光照射在地球表面上,使地表温度升高,地表的空气受热膨胀变轻而往上升。热空气上升后,低温的冷空气横向流入,上升的空气因逐渐冷却变重而降落,由于地表温度较高又会加热空气使之上升,这种空气的流动就产生了风。
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相对于地表面的空气运动,风通常指它的水平分量。风是矢量,以风向、风速或风力表示。风向指气流的来向,常按16方位记录。风速是空气在单位时间内移动的水平距离,以米/秒为单位。大气中水平风速一般为 1.0~10米/秒,台风、龙卷风有时达到102米/秒。而农田中的风速可以小于0.1米/秒。风速的观测资料有瞬时值和平均值两种,一般使用平均值。风的测量多用电接风向风速计、轻便风速表、达因式风向风速计,以及用于测量农田中微风的热球微风仪等仪器进行;也可根据地面物体征象按风力等级表估计。
太阳辐射能的纬度分布不均,造成高低纬度间的温度差异,这是引起大气运动的【根本原因】.
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而地面受热不均,导致空气上升和下沉运动.这种空气的垂直运动,使同一水平面上产生了气压差异.我们把单位距离间的气压差叫做气压梯度.只要水平面上存在着气压梯度,就产生了促使大气由高气压区流向低气压区的力,这个力成为水平气压梯度力.在这个力的作用下,大气由高气压区流向低气压区作水平运动,于是形成了风.可见,水平气压梯度力是形成风的【直接原因】.
地球在自转,使空气水平运动发生偏向的力,称为地转偏向力,这种力使北半球气流向右偏转,南半球向右偏转,所以地球大气运动除受气压梯度力外,还要受地转偏向里的影响。大气运动其实是这两力综合影响的结果。
所以,准确地说风是大气运动,不是空气运动。
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世界上风速最快的地方-华盛顿山天文台正常的风速可以达到372公里/小时,这是1934年4月12日在美国新罕布尔什州的华盛顿山记录的,但是1999年5月在俄克拉荷马州发生的一次龙卷风中,研究人员测到的最快风速达到了513公里/小时,作为比较,海王星上的风带最快可达1448公里/小时.
附:风向的一些知识
自从十七世纪出现了气压表,指出空气有重量因而有压力这个事实以后,为人们寻找风的奥秘提供了开窍的钥匙.十九世纪初,有人根据各地气压与风的观测资料,画出了第一张气压与风的分布图.这种图不仅显示了风从气压高的区域吹向气压低的区域,而且还指明了风的行进路线并不直接从高气压区吹向低气压区,而是一个向右偏斜的角度.
冷的地方气压高,热得地方气压低,风的方向是高压指向低压,也就是冷的地方指向热的地方,然后在北半球就向右偏,在南半球向左偏。实际上,地面风不仅受这两个力的支配,而且在很大程度上受海洋、地形的影响,山隘和海峡能改变气流运动的方向,还能使风速增大,而丘陵、山地却磨擦大使风速减少。
风是通过太阳照在地球表面,温度升高热胀冷缩形成的,最快的陆地风速在五百英尺。
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