白酒的制作工艺流程是什么?

2025-02-06 15:48:23
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

所用设备:

  1. 原料处理及运送设备。有粉碎机、皮带输送机、斗式提升机、送风设备等。

  2. 拌料、蒸煮及冷却设备。有润料槽、拌料槽、连续蒸煮机(大厂使用)、甑桶(小厂使用)、晾渣机、通风晾渣设备。

  3. 发酵设备。水泥发酵池(大厂用)、陶缸(小厂用)等。

  4. 蒸酒设备。蒸酒机(大厂用)、甑桶(小厂用)等。

我国的白酒生产有固态发酵和液态发酵两种,固态发酵的大曲、小曲、麸曲等工艺中,麸曲白酒在生产中所占比重较大,故此处仅简述麸曲白酒的工艺。

制作方法:

  1. 原料粉碎。粉碎的目的在于便于蒸煮,使淀粉充分被利用。根据原料特性,粉碎的细度要求不同,薯干、玉米等原料,通过20孔筛者占60%以上。

  2. 配料。将新料、酒糟、辅料及水配合在一起,为糖化和发酵打基础。配料根据甑桶、窖子的大小、原料的淀粉量、气温、生产工艺及发酵时间等具体情况而定,配料得当与否的具体表现,要看入池的淀粉浓度、醅料的酸度和疏松程度是否适当,一般以淀粉浓度14~16%、酸度0.6~0.8、润料水分48~50%为宜。

  3. 蒸煮糊化。利用蒸煮使淀粉糊化。有利于淀粉酶的作用,还可以杀死杂菌。蒸煮的温度和时间视原料种类、破碎程度等而定。通常常压蒸料20~30分钟。蒸煮的要求为外观蒸透,熟而不粘,内无生心。将原料和发酵后的香醅混合,蒸酒和蒸料同时进行,称为“混蒸混烧”,前期以蒸酒为主,甑内温度要求85~90℃,蒸酒后,应保持一段糊化时间。若蒸酒与蒸料分开进行,称之为“清蒸清烧”。

  4. 冷却。蒸熟的原料,用扬渣或晾渣的方法,使其迅速冷却,达到微生物适宜生长的温度,若气温在5~10℃时,品温应降至30~32℃,若气温在10~15℃时,品温应降至25~28℃,夏季要降至品温不再下降为止。扬渣或晾渣同时还可起到挥发杂味、吸收氧气等作用。

  5. 拌醅。固态发酵麸曲白酒,采用边糖化边发酵的双边发酵工艺,扬渣之后,加入曲子和酒母。酒曲的用量视其糖化力的高低而定,一般为酿酒主料的8~10%,酒母用量一般为总投料量的4~6%(即取4~6%的主料作培养酒母用)。为了利于酶促反应的正常进行,在拌醅时应加水,控制入池时醅的水分含量为58~62%。

  6. 入窖发酵。入窖时醅料品温在18~20℃(夏季不超过26℃),入窖的醅料既不能压的紧,也不能过松,一般掌握在每立方米容积内装醅料630~640公斤左右为宜。装好后,在醅料上盖上一层糠,用窖泥密封,再加上一层糠。发酵过程主要是掌握品温,并随时分析醅料水分、酸度、酒量、淀粉残留量的变化。发酵时间的长短,根据各种因素来确定,有3天、4~5天不等。一般当窖内品温上升至36~37℃时,即可结束发酵。

  7. 蒸酒。发酵成熟的醅料称为香醅,它含有极复杂的成分。通过蒸酒把醅中的酒精、水、高级醇、酸类等有效成分蒸发为蒸汽,再经冷却即可得到白酒。蒸馏时应尽量把酒精、芳香物质、醇甜物质等提取出来,并利用掐头去尾的方法尽量除去杂质。

回答2:

酒都需经过发酵的,白酒还需有蒸馏过程。

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