推荐回答（1个）
1.水平岩层的识别
在低分辨率的遥感影像上不容易发现水平岩层的产状这是由于水平岩遭受侵蚀后往往由较硬的岩层形成保护层且形成陡坡保护了下部较软的岩层。在高分辨率遥感影像上可发现水平岩层经切割形成的地貌并可见硬岩的陡坡与软岩形成的缓坡呈同心圆状分布硬岩的陡坡具有较深的阴影而软岩的色调较浅。
2.倾斜岩层的识别
在低分辨率遥感影像上可以根据顺向坡(与岩层倾斜方向一致的场面)有较长坡面逆向坡坡长较短的特性岩层的倾向。当顺向坡和逆向坡几乎相等时可以确定岩层倾角在45°左右倾向则不易确定。倾斜岩层经过沟谷的切割在高分辨率遥感影像上常出现岩层三角面(包括弧形面、梯形面)这时根据岩层出露的形态及其与地形的关系可确定岩层的产状。
3.褶皱及其类型的识别
在遥感影像止褶皱的发现及其类型的确定是建立在对斯性和岩层产状要素识别的基础上的。在进行影像分析时应注意不同分辨率遥感影像的综合应用即光在分辨率较低的影像上进行总体识别确定褶皱的存在特别是一些规模较大的褶皱的确定然后对其关键部位采用高分辨率影像进行详细的识别确定褶皱的类型。褶皱构造由一系列的岩层构成这些岩层的软硬程度有差别硬岩成正地形软岩成谷地因此在遥感影像上会形成不同的色带。为发现褶皱构造首先就要确定这些不向色调的平行色带选择其中在影像上显示最稳定、延续性最好者作为标志层标志层的色带呈圈闭的圆形、椭圆形、橄榄形、长条形或马蹄形等是确定褶皱的重要标志。在中低分辨率影像上能反映出大的褶皱而在高分辨率遥感影像上不仅能发现较小规模的褶皱而且还可以确定其岩体层的分布层序是否对称重复具体产状要素这是确定褶皱存在的重要认识特别是在高分辨率遥感影像上观察标志层在转折端的形态有助于识别褶皱的存在及褶皱的类别。
4.断层及其类型的识别
在影像上不能直接确定地层的新老但可以观察到岩层的倾向。当逆向坡(陡坡)向外、顺向坡(缓坡)向内(向轴线倾斜)时是向斜构造逆向坡(陡坡)朝内(面向褶皱轴)顺向坡(缓坡)朝外时(远离褶皱轴)是背斜构造。当岩层的走向不是很连续时逆向坡往往形成地形三角面这在遥感影像卜是比较直观的。通常断层在没有疏松沉积物覆盖的情况在遥感影像上都有明显的特征。断层是一种线形构造在遥感影像上表现为线性影像。它基本上有两种表现形式一是线性的色调异常即线性的色调与两侧的岩层色调都明显不同二是两种不同色调的分界面呈线状延伸。当然具备这两个影像持征的地物不一定都是断层如山脊、较小的河流、道路、渠道、堤坝、岩层的走向、岩层的界面等等
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