推荐回答(3个)
肾结石患者忌食草酸过多、嘌呤过高、糖分过多以及蛋白质过量的食物。
大多数结石可混合两种或两种以上的成分,不同的结石的饮食禁忌侧重点不同。①草酸钙结石为最常见的肾结石,宜低钙及低草酸饮食,少食牛奶及乳制品、豆制品、肉类、动物内脏(如肝脏、心脏、肾脏、肠等),还有巧克力、浓茶、芝麻酱、蛋黄、香菇、菠菜、虾皮、萝卜、芹菜、土豆等高草酸、高蛋白食品。②磷酸钙结石的饮食应少食肉类、鱼类及骨头汤。③尿酸结石常见于体内尿酸水平较高的人,患者需控制尿酸水平,因为尿酸可促使尿中草酸盐、尿酸盐沉淀,形成尿结石,饮食禁忌是嘌呤含量高的食物,动物内脏、海产食品、花生、豆角、菠菜及啤酒等。肾结石患者要从饮食上严格加以控制,减缓结石的形成。
肾结石的形成,一是体质因素,体内饮水量较少,形成石头的一些晶体析出。二是代谢性因素,糖尿病人、甲状腺旁腺抗性的病人都易形成结石。还有吃高嘌呤的饮食,易形成尿酸结石。肾结石的形成,一方面它是体质因素,那么它本身结石形成的有很多学说,其中最简单容易记得的一个学说,就是过饱和学说。也就是说有可能是体内饮水量比较少,那么形成石头的一些晶体析出,我们就叫晶体析出或者是叫过饱和学说,这是最常见,最容易解释的学说。当然因为它牵涉的因素很多,跟体质也有关系。比如说,如果含有梗阻的因素,肾盂输尿管出口有狭窄,那么尿流不畅,这些都容易形成结石。还有它跟代谢有关系,你像有代谢性因素,你像糖尿病的病人,那么甲状腺旁腺抗性的病人这些都容易形成结石,还有饮食当中的高尿酸,如果吃高嘌呤的饮食,形成高尿酸血症,它也容易形成尿酸结石。
肾结石可以喝御石嗵茶促进排石溶石,肾结石饮食注意事项:
1勿吃富含草酸盐的食物:大约60%的结石属于草酸钙结石。因此,应限量摄取富含草酸的食物,包括豆类、甜菜、芹菜、巧克力、葡萄、青椒、香菜、菠菜、草莓及甘蓝菜科的蔬菜。也避免酒精、咖啡因、茶、巧克力、无花果干、羊肉、核果、青椒、红茶、罂粟子等;
2注意蛋白质的摄取:肾结石与蛋白质的摄取量有直接的关联。蛋白质容易使尿液里出现尿酸、钙及磷,导致结石的形成。假使你曾患过钙结石,应特别注意是否摄取过量蛋白质,尤其假使你曾有尿酸过多或胱胺酸结石的病历。每天限吃180克的高蛋白食物,这包括肉类、干酪、鸡肉和鱼肉;
3吃富含维生素A的食物:含维生素A的食物,可维持尿道内膜健康,也有助于避免结石复发,这类食物包括:胡萝卜、绿花椰菜、洋香瓜、番瓜、牛肝,但高剂量的维生素A有毒,服用前最好请教医生;
4要控制钙的摄入量;临床研究发现,有90%以上的肾结石是由钙或含钙的物质形成的。因此,肾结石患者应少吃豆制品、牛奶、海带、虾皮和芝麻等富含钙的食物。另外,如果肾结石患者因患有某些疾病而必须补钙时,应在医生的指导下使用钙剂;
5限量摄入糖类,高糖食品的摄入,可以使患肾结石的机会增加,因此,要注意少吃甜食;
6肾结石病人不宜在临睡前喝牛奶,由于牛奶中含钙较多,肾结石中大部分都含有钙盐。结石形成的最危险因素是钙在尿中浓度短时间突然增高。饮牛奶后2~3小时,正是钙通过肾脏排除的高峰,如此时正处于睡眠状态,尿液浓缩,钙通过肾脏较多,故易形成结石。因此,肾结石患者不要在临睡前饮牛奶。
牛、羊、狗、猪脚、驴、龟、人参、鹿茸、龟胶、阿胶、龙眼、荔枝、竹笋、洋葱、蘑菇类(包括蘑菇、香菇、波波菇等菇类,菇类食品会发)、槟榔及一切鱼类、淡水、海水产品中的动物,特别虾、蟹等海鲜绝对不能沾。
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