推荐回答(5个)
电视剧中的纪晓岚与和珅和乾隆皇帝的嬉笑怒骂日常给观众留下了深刻印象,然而真实的历史中纪晓岚大和珅二十六岁,乾隆皇帝大和珅三十九岁。
当时整个乾隆时期都伴随着文字狱,是文字狱最多最密的一个朝代,文人不敢称大儒,称名儒者夷三族 。朝堂上下更不敢妄言国事,所以纪晓岚铁齿铜牙谈不上,明哲保身更合适当时的所有文人。
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在那个满族人掌权的年代,纪晓岚因为是汉人,纵使纪晓岚博学多才也仍与乾隆爷隔着不远不近的尴尬距离。故而,纪晓岚在乾隆时期并没有得到重用,虽然乾隆爷对他的才学多有欣赏,但绝对没有达到宠爱或重用的地步。
据史书记载,纪晓岚貌寝短视,就是不仅丑还近视,朱珪还说过他有口吃的毛病。偏偏乾隆也是个颜控,不仅要求身边人具有超强业务能力的同时还要丰神俊朗,年轻貌美。比如和珅、董诰、梁国治等都是当时有名的美男子,可能这也是纪晓岚得不到重用的原因之一。
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不仅如此,纪晓岚还多次被流放。乾隆三十三(1768)年,他将皇帝严查两淮盐运使司亏空1千万两白银的事偷漏给了也在调查名单中的亲家卢见曾。东窗事发后牵连此案的人杀的杀,流放的流放,纪晓岚落的个流放乌鲁木齐,无诏不得归的下场。
随后,同时包括纪晓岚在内的三百六十多位学者与官员参与编纂,集合上千人耗时十年编写,摘抄的中国古代规模最大丛书。
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修书的过程可谓危险重重,《四库全书》编纂期间发生了50多起文字狱,和纪晓岚一起编纂的人员要么被吓死,要么被罚光家产,纪晓岚是其中少数善终之人。
一边忍受着政治高压,一边按照统治者的意愿对古今史籍进行篡改阉割。年复一年,仿佛阉割的也有自己的思想,在这种环境下文人谁能不扭曲。
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因此纪晓岚有着文人天生的风流放荡,却被皇权和当时社会压抑着,从他的《阅微草堂笔记》可以窥见一二。其中不乏各种怪力乱神,荒诞不经的故事,但往往最后都映射出现实世界中的种种因果。
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而和珅也不像电视剧那样处处给纪晓岚找茬,现实中的纪晓岚与和珅属于忘年交。在人际关系上年老处事圆滑的纪晓岚时时会给年轻外向处事不周的和珅一些意见或建议,在工作上和珅也时常给纪晓岚照顾。
他们两,一个是手无实权半辈子都在修书的御用文人,一个是治国理财的军机大臣,两人也不会也不可能有太多的利益冲突。
而且从《阅微草堂笔记》可以看出纪晓岚只是一个爱好风流希望享乐的文人,所以他虽然略有才干,但也没有被乾隆的几个手下重臣排挤。
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而坊间关于纪晓岚最著名的一个传闻就是好色了,其中以《栖霞阁野乘》所述流传最广。据记载纪晓岚一日不御女,则肌肤欲裂,全身上下的筋都抽抽。皇帝为了让他好好编纂《四库全书》,特意给他配了两个宫女以疏解欲望。
但此书成书年代距纪晓岚近二百年,而且属于野史杂谈范畴,可信度实在不高。《啸亭杂录》成书年代与纪晓岚相当,但书中只说他嗜肉体胖而已。
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纪晓岚活了八十多岁,一生横跨了雍正、乾隆、嘉庆三个王朝。乾隆皇帝驾崩之后,即位的嘉庆帝立即下令抄家并处死了和珅,对纪晓岚以元老相待,不过对于他也仅限于表面,直到他行将就木之前才授予“大学士”头衔。嘉庆十年(1805年),纪晓岚病逝,因其“敏而好学可为文,授之以政无不达”,谥号“文达”。
纪晓岚的一生比同时代绝大多数文人幸运,虽然不算顺风顺水但也少有波折,虽无实权但也避免了朝堂上的利益纷争。乐得做一个大烟袋子,给后世留下无数幽默的谈资。
历史上的纪晓岚是负责编书的,而且外貌非常丑陋,喜欢抽烟还非常好色,并不得乾隆的信任和宠爱,最后病死了。
历史上真实的纪晓岚非常好色,他有很多个老婆。而且每天都要睡一个。他的结局蛮好的。
纪晓岚博学多才,为人正直,深受乾隆信任,他最后得以善终。
历史上的纪晓岚是一位拥有很多才能的让他才华横溢,被皇帝重用,最后老死。
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