审计人员可以从哪些方面调查了解被审计单位及其相关情况 简答题
推荐回答(2个)
审计风险主要是指会计报表存在重大错误,而注册会计师审计后发表不恰当审计意见的可能性。根据这一理解,我们称被审计单位会计报表存在重大错报或漏报而注册会计师审计后发表不恰当审计意见的风险为狭义的审计风险,这一风险来源于注册会计师本身。实际上由于被审计单位的原因,如经济萧条、决策失误、意想不到的竞争等,即使注册会计师已按公认审计准则实施了适当的审计,也可能会遭到指控。一部分原因是由于会计报表使用者在发生营业失误时指责审计失误,对注册会计师的审计责任不很清楚,还有一部分原因便是受到损失的人们希望得到补偿,而不管错在何方。对于会计报表存在重大错报或漏报,注册会计师发表无保留意见的是审计风险,那么会计报表不存在重大错报或漏报,注册会计师认为其存在重大错报或漏报也应算审计风险。因为在这种情况下,也会使审计主体受到损失。出现这样的情况,会使注册会计师的审计效率下降,审计成本提高,从而受到损失。
审计风险是由三种风险要素即固有风险、控制风险和检查风险组成的,且这三种风险不是单独地发生作用,而是相互制约、相互影响的。固有风险是指会计报表某一账户余额或某一交易类别先天性地发生重大错报或漏报的可能性,与内部控制的有无没有关系;控制风险是指内部控制无法防止会计报表产生错报或漏报的可能性,其发生于会计处理过程中。控制风险的高低取决于管理人员的诚信度、被审计单位内部控制的健全程度和被审计单位的经济情况。对于固有风险、控制风险,审计人员都无能为力,他所能做的仅仅是根据其所掌握的情况进行评估,以决定检查风险的可接受水平。审计风险具有以下特征:
1.审计风险的客观性。所谓客观性是指审计风险独立于审计人员的意识之外而客观存在,审计人员不能完全消灭它。单位内部控制制度为基础的制度基础审计,在审计的方法上使用抽样审计,而抽样审计又存在审计风险,所以说审计风险是客观的。
2.审计风险的潜在性。所谓潜在性是指一种损失的可能性。并不是所有的审计风险都转化为实际的损失,这一点从审计风险的概念中可以看出来。假如这种错误被人们无意中接受,即不再进行验证,则不会形成实际的损失。
3.审计风险的非故意性。审计风险形成的大部分原因都是客观因素,当然也有一部分原因是由于主观因素。但这种审计人员的主观原因一定是非故意的。比如审计经验的欠缺导致审计证据的收集不充分或不适当、审计计划的编制欠周密等都不是审计人员的故意所为。
4.审计风险的过程性。审计风险不是在某一个审计环节才出现,它贯穿于审计活动的所有环节,即只要有审计活动的地方,就一定有审计风险与之相伴。由于环境或业务的复杂性从而对被审计单位的情况了解不透彻、不全面,以及对管理人员的信任度过高从而仓促签订了审计业务约定书。所有这一切都会形成审计风险,任何一个环节出现问题都会加大注册会计师的审计风险。
1
了解被审计单位的行业状况、法律环境和监管环境及其他外部因素
2
了解被审计单位的性质
3
了解被审计单位对会计政策的选择和运用
4
被审计单位的目标、战略和相关经营风险
5
被审计单位财务业绩的衡量和评价
6
被审计单位的内部控制
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