推荐回答(1个)
营销铁吸收的因素:
1)机体铁营养状况:在体内缺铁的情况下,铁的吸收量会明显增加
2)膳食铁的含量及存在形式:有机铁、二价铁较易吸收,血红素铁较非血红素铁吸收率高.
3)膳食中影响铁吸收的因素:
抑制铁吸收的因素:草酸、植酸、鞣酸、植物纤维、茶、咖啡、钙(包括牛奶中的钙)、例如植酸是谷物、种子、坚果、蔬菜、水果中以磷酸盐和矿物质贮存形式的六磷酸盐,在小肠的碱性环境中容易形成磷酸盐而防碍铁吸收,茶与咖啡也影响铁的吸收,茶叶中的鞣酸与铁形成鞣酸铁复合物,可使铁吸收减少.
促进铁吸收的因素有:肉、禽、鱼类食物中的“内因子”,维生素C.
生理功能:铁是植物结构组分元素.1844年E.Glis发现铁是必需元素.
植物根系主要吸收二价铁离子,也吸收螯合态铁.植物为了提高对铁的吸收和利用,当螯合态铁补充到根系时,在根表面螯合物中的三价铁先被还原使之与有机配位体分离,分离出来的二价铁被植物吸收.一种电子源从细胞质经过细胞色素和黄素化合物调节质膜外三价铁的还原作用.根系分泌的质子和有机螯合物是植物吸收土壤中无机铁的重要机理.缺铁导致根表皮中转移细胞的形成是植物增强对铁吸收能力的调节机制之一.恢复供铁后一二天内,转移细胞退化.
铁的吸收和运输受植物激素如生长素的控制.铁的吸收主要在能产生生长素的根尖.植物吸收铁靠不断长出的根尖来完成.
铁的化学性质使其成为氧化还原反应的重要因子,它有不只一种氧化态,能根据反应物的氧化势接受或提供电子:
铁也能与电子供体或配体结合生成复合物.配体提供多于一个电子时发生螯合.铁可与含氧、硫、氮的分子生成稳定螯合物.铁为在有机分子和铁之间运动的电子提供了酶促转化的势能.
铁是过渡元素,作为辅酶或活化剂参与许多酶反应,形成酶-底物-金属络合物,或者在金属-蛋白(酶)中作为活性基团,催化多种生化反应.这里起催化作用的是金属原子化合价的变化和电子的传递.
铁在酶系统中有铁-硫蛋白和铁-卟啉蛋白两大类.
铁氧还蛋白属于稳定的铁-硫蛋白,存在于叶绿体中,是光合电子传递链中第一个稳定氧化还原化合物,是最初的电子受体.铁氧还蛋白具有很高的负氧还电位,能还原多种物质,如NADP+、O2、亚硝酸、硫酸盐和血红蛋白.
铁是卟啉分子的结构组分,诸如细胞色素、铁血红素、羟高铁血红素和豆血红蛋白均参与叶绿体中光合作用和线粒体中呼吸作用两个代谢过程中的氧化还原反应.呼吸作用中铁化合物将氧还原为水.
在铁-卟啉蛋白中铁是作为高铁血红素或氧化血红素的辅基.这些高铁血红酶系统包括过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、细胞色素氧化酶和各种细胞色素.
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