推荐回答(5个)
神经内科是关于神经方面的二级学科。不属于内科概念。主要诊治脑血管疾病(脑梗塞、脑出血)、偏头痛、脑唯罩部炎症性疾病(脑炎、脑膜炎)、脊髓炎、癫痫、痴呆、代谢病和遗传病、三叉神经痛、坐骨神经病、周围神经病及重症肌无力等。

主要检查手段包括头颈部MRI,CT,ECT,PETCT,脑电图,TCD(经颅多普勒超声),肌电图,诱发电位及血流变学检查等。同时与心理科交叉进行神经衰弱、失眠等功能性疾患的诊治。

一、心理因素
调查显示,心理因素是引发面神经麻痹的重要因素之一。面神经麻痹发生前,有相当一部分病人存在身体疲劳、睡眠不足、精神紧张及身体不适等情况。
二、良好心情
防止面瘫最好的办法是平时要注意保持良好的心情,保证充足的睡眠,并适当指毁闹进行体育运动,增强机体免疫力。
面神经麻痹只是一种症状或体征,必须仔细寻找病因,如果能找出病因并及时进行处理,如重症肌无力、结节病、肿瘤或颞骨感染,可以改变原发病及面瘫的进程。面神经麻痹又可能是一些危及生命的神经科疾患的早期症状,如脊髓灰白质炎或Guillian-Barre综合征,如能早期诊断,可以挽救生命。下表显示面神经不同部位的体余蚂征及可能的病因。
神经科检查主要分为三卖仿个方面:第一方面,体格检查;第二中迅纤方面,影像学的检查;第三个方面,血液学的检查。体格检查主要是为了发现患者是否有神经科系统的症状缺失或者昌孙是增多,比如有没有肢体的无力、肢体的抽动、感觉的减退、感觉的过敏以及是否有共济失调。影像学的检查主要是包括头部的CT或者是磁共振、脑电图、颈部的血管超声、颈部的CTA以及颅内的TCD。血液学的检查主要包括血常规、生化系列、同型半胱氨酸、凝血象。如果有患者,必要时还需要查甲状腺、抗核抗体、抗中性粒细胞抗体。
神经内慎祥科是可以检查出面瘫、面瘫后团孝芦遗症、面神经炎、眼睑痉挛、嘴歪眼斜、头痛、头晕、偏头塌带痛、三叉神经痛、血管性神经痛、癫痫等疾病的。
神经内科需要检查的项目,临床上常用的有颅脑CT、颅脑核磁、头颈CTA、颈部塌毕慎血管彩超、心脏彩超、心电图、脑电图、肌电图、脑干听觉诱发电位、视觉诱发电位;必要时还应检查血凝、血脂、血糖、血尿常规、肝功、肾功、血同型半胱氨酸等等。神经内科常见的疾病包括脑血管疾病,主要有脑梗死、脑出血和蛛网膜下腔出血;中枢神经系统感染性疾病团敬主要包括脑炎、脑膜炎;神经肌肉接头传递障碍性疾病临床上常见的有重症肌无力;神经系统变性疾病数嫌主要有阿尔茨海默病、路易体痴呆、帕金森病、运动神经元病等等。
诊治范围包括神经内科各种疾病,如:血管性疾病(脑出血、脑梗塞、蛛网膜下腔出血、颈动脉狭窄、颅内动脉狭窄等)、癫痫病、脑瘫、中枢神经系统感染和游搭性疾病、肿瘤、外伤、变性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、遗传性疾病、中毒性疾病、先天发育异常唤拿、营养缺陷、代谢磨带障碍性疾病及各种神经内科疑难杂症。↙手↓机↘软↙件↓可↘下↙载↓
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