怎样评价诸葛亮六出祁山,姜维的九伐中原?
从多个角度分析,不要复制粘贴!谢谢
推荐回答(5个)
根本原因,蜀汉综合国力太弱。
1 地理上,蜀汉仅占有当时的益州,曹魏占据冀州青州幽州并州徐州豫州雍州凉州,而且,蜀汉所在云贵川地区交通闭塞,经济落后,在当时根本不能与中原对抗。
2 经济上,蜀汉虽然拥有天府之国的四川盆地能够生产较多的粮食,但是对于连年战争就养不起,以至民多成菜色(饥民饿殍遍布),但是曹魏采用了屯田制,生产关系得到调整,粮食生产足以供给连年战争。
3 政治上,蜀汉的统治者荆州集团和刘焉刘璋的旧集团都压迫了蜀汉土著,使得基层的土著人对蜀汉统治者不满,蜀汉皇帝后主刘禅比较昏庸,也有一些奸臣当道。而曹魏采用了九品中正制,得到了大家族的支持,统治比较稳定,曹魏三祖曹操曹丕曹睿以及权臣三马司马懿司马师司马昭也比较英明。
4 军事上,蜀汉兵员比较少,大约十万人,将领出众者十几人;曹魏带甲百万、浮江万艘、战将千员 ,出众者三四十人,蜀汉不能与曹魏匹敌。
5 人才上,蜀汉领导人刘备以及诸葛亮都没有做好接班人的工作,其子弟多不堪大用;曹魏连续几代曹操曹丕曹睿司马懿司马师司马昭等人才没有断层。
6 以匡扶汉室为目标的蜀汉,理想固然崇高,但多有不现实,另外多年的战争让蜀汉耗尽了国力。
对于蜀国,这几次作战并没有受获多大战果,反而劳民伤财,但诸葛亮的主动出击战略是正确的,避免处于被动挨打的局面,获得了发动战争主动权。对于魏国,这种不痛不庠的打法,对其无法造成多大威胁,完全是在消耗蜀国国力,为蜀国灭亡埋下祸根
要是只看三国演义你就会发现诸葛亮出歧山失败的原因,大多不是后方粮草补给跟不上,要不就是像前方马谡那样的,好像和诸葛亮都没有关系,这其实都是再为他开脱,三国演义已经把诸葛亮写成神了...建议你去看看三国志那里面连空城计都没有,可见空城计在历史上都没有这件事..这也就是小说和史书的区别吧.....至于姜维其实就是诸的继续,,甚至还有了诸葛亮没有的功夫
刘备把家底败光了,蜀中阶级矛盾加大。而长远发展只会更加落后于魏国,两者加在一起就要求蜀国必须通过战争来化解这些矛盾,比如再来个官渡之战赤壁之战这样扭转乾坤的胜利…可惜每次都失败,明知不可为而为之。
恩情:出师北伐,克定中原是诸葛孔明为了报刘玄德知遇之恩和托孤重任(鞠躬尽瘁死而后已);军事:诸葛深知偏居一隅垂世而独立的守内政策时间久了无异于坐以待毙。只有主动出师,以攻为主,内修政理才有可能克复中原,兴复汉室;天时:司马的复出给诸葛极大
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