推荐回答(1个)
《三国演义》把周瑜描绘成心胸狭窄、妒贤忌能的典型,当他一发现诸葛亮的才智超过自己,便想方设法谋害,必欲除掉孔明而后快,结果他的计谋被诸葛亮一一识破,自己反中了诸葛亮的计策,一而再、再而三,最终被气得吐血身亡,绝命之时仰天长叹“既生瑜,何生亮”!小说对瑜、亮二人在赤壁之战前后一连串的斗智写得丝丝入扣,极为生动,从人物塑造的角度讲是相当成功的,但从历史的真实性讲,则全属子虚乌有,纯粹是小说家的文艺创造。
历史上的周瑜,当然不是被诸葛亮气死的,也根本不存在“三气周瑜”的任何蛛丝马迹。若从周瑜与诸葛亮在当时所处的历史背景以及他们俩在赤壁之战前后的政治地位、历史作用看,真正的起决定作用的是周瑜而不是孔明。才华横溢、精明老到的周瑜,其风采实际上远远盖过了初出茅芦的诸葛亮。
周瑜助孙吴创业江东之时孔明尚在隆中隐居。《三国志·吴书·周瑜传》载,周瑜字公瑾,庐江郡舒县(今安徽舒城)人。他长得高大健壮,容貌俊秀,一表人才。他出生于公元175年,比诸葛亮要年长六岁,他步入政治生涯的时间也比诸葛亮早得多。诸葛亮26岁才出山,周瑜20岁刚出头就踏入戎马行列了。
汉献帝兴平二年(公元195年),孙策借故脱离表术归取江东之时,周瑜即由丹杨(今安徽宣城)其叔父处率兵迎策,帮助孙策渡江东下,击败当时的杨州刺史刘繇,为孙策平定江东起了重要作用。当时周瑜年方21岁。周瑜跟孙策同年,两人从小相识,交情深厚。周瑜前往相助,孙策对此非常高兴,说能得到你的帮助,事业一定能成功了。
建安三年(公元198年),周瑜被授予建威中郎将的官职。当时孙策本身也只是个将军身份,这个中郎将是孙策私自署置的,其地位次于自己。当时周瑜为24岁。
年纪轻轻的周瑜,一到东吴便被封为中郎将,吴郡的人都称呼他为周郎。此后连续担任了东吴许多重要的官职。江东乔国老的两个女儿国色天香、容貌出众,孙策娶了大乔,周瑜娶了小乔,成为连襟。 孙策被刺身亡之前,周瑜在汉末军阀割据混战之初即崭露头角,成为帮助孙策奠定江东基业的第一功臣。孙策其时已据有丹阳、吴、会稽、庐江、豫章、庐陵六郡,除攻取吴郡、会稽两郡周瑜没有参加,其他四郡战役主要都是由周瑜领导的。
当周瑜名震江东成为孙氏政权开国元勋之时,诸葛亮还远远没有出道。当周瑜协助孙策开创江东基业之时,诸葛亮还在流寓和躬耕吟读之中。此时的瑜、亮自然无法相比,也不好去比。瑜、亮的真正相比要从公元207年冬诸葛亮出山之后才能谈起。
对于赤壁之战,首先可以这样说,主角的是周瑜,诸葛亮只是参与战事的配角。
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