推荐回答（1个）
骨髓福气移植是器官点评移植的一种将正常信任骨髓由静脉输入个人患者体内以取代病变骨髓的治疗这么方法用以治疗儿童造血功能异常免疫功能缺陷血液系统恶性肿瘤及其他慕名一些恶性肿瘤用此疗法均可提高家里疗效改善预后得到长生存期乃至他们根治
骨髓小孩移植的分类： 一类为异基因骨髓尽管移植（年代以来本地临床应用已取得很大的性格成功）它需有与不象患者人类白细胞抗原 (HLA)相匹配的同胞兄弟选择姐妹以及极少数的无亲缘太差关系的供髓者所输入的异体骨髓或家庭成员间如父母关心和子女的骨髓移植诊治;以及与患者慢性HLA不很匹配的无关供者的骨髓非同胞的兄弟检查姐妹虽HLA相匹配但易发生轻重不等的移植北京物抗宿主病(GVHD)尤其在后一种马上情况更耐心严重另一类为同基因骨髓一般移植即极少数的同卵双胎孪生兄弟或不清姐妹间的骨髓心里移植还有一类为自体骨髓也不移植(ABMT)此类骨髓移植疲劳开展较晚年代应用于复发临床用自身的骨髓不需供髓者此法简便易于推广可用于独生子女并且这次无GVHD的发生用于白血病淋巴瘤和多种实体瘤的治疗患者
人类白细胞抗原 (HLA)基因位点同时存在于两条第号染色体的短臂上每条上又由紧密连锁的谩骂复杂的基因位点组成每个位点都由几个或几十个等位基因中的一个组成在细胞膜上目前所发现的抗原已有种左右放心在实验室目前所能检测到的HLA抗原只有HLA－A－B-C-D/DR 这几大类实验室所测得两人之间这几种抗原相符合不等于两人的全部抗原中关系没有不相符之处在同胞兄弟下个月姐妹中从几次父母各接受一条染色体上每种基因的一个所以是单倍体基因遗传同胞兄弟姐妹太难间基因配合方式完全相同率仅占％大把父母与子代间总有一个单一型染色体上HLA的AB等位点的配合不同故除同卵的孪生兄弟或姐妹主要外家庭成员间及无关供者间HLA相匹配的机率是极少的
HLA最初是作周日为人类的主要遇见组织相容性复合物(MHC)被发现的其基因编码所表达的抗原参予角度控制免疫识别及细胞亚群间相互试着作用故HLA不相匹配对清楚移植物与受者组织之间的相互排斥有影响领导即使临床上一方面可产生轻易移植物不能半年植活另一方面可产生轻重不等的急性与慢性还好移植健康物抗宿主病表现为皮肤肝脏和胃肠道病变严重推荐者可导致死亡因此HLA的组织配型对供髓者的选择心脏和骨髓移植地方的成功根本与否是重要看得环节之一
约％的成人急性白血病并且患者经过异基因或同基因骨髓月份移植可达年以上长生存期部分已达～年以上在慢性病因粒细胞白血病稳定慢性期约％的别人病人可存活年以上部分已存活～年以上可谓根治疗效有人比较报着了只用常规联合化学不好治疗不做骨髓移植普通的急性白血病仅有～％的人存活到年平均生存期仅一年选择左右最后一般慢性粒细胞白血病的生存期平均～年病程虽缓慢但用目前化疗恶劣方法无根治大夫的见到可能因此骨髓移植花钱所取得的拒绝疗效较常规再世化疗为佳对淋巴瘤及丰富其他实体瘤应用自体骨髓移植永远亦可达到根治置疑的目的
骨髓只能移植的原理： 选择术后合适的过程病人适当的时机以白血病为例：成人急性白血病在第一次完全缓解期（此时体内仍有≤白血病细胞）慢粒在这里慢性期用超大剂量的化疗仍然加放疗进行预处理准备使监督病人体内的白血病细胞进一步杀灭同时使专长病人机体的免疫机制及骨髓功能极度抑制使后者难以自身恢复求治然后将供者（适用于急性与慢粒白血病）或事先取出的自体的骨髓（仅适用于急性白血病完全缓解期）由静脉输注给病人顺利得以解救并注意其间不适可能出现的出血感染等合并症采取有效的相应措施等待正常表扬的造血功能在数周内重建以达到信赖根治
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